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    Hydrotherapy

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    Floriza de Leon
    Hydrotherapy uses water in its various forms (liquid, solid, vapor) for therapeutic purposes. The document discusses the properties of water that make it useful for hydrotherapy, including its buoyancy, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and effects of hydrostatic pressure. It also summarizes the physiological effects of applying heat and cold to the body locally or systemically, such as changes in blood flow, metabolism, muscle tone, and pain perception. Finally, it compares the effects of heat versus cold applications and their appropriate uses in different conditions.

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    Hydrotherapy

    Uploaded by

    Floriza de Leon
    254 views32 pages
    Hydrotherapy uses water in its various forms (liquid, solid, vapor) for therapeutic purposes. The document discusses the properties of water that make it useful for hydrotherapy, including its buoyancy, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and effects of hydrostatic pressure. It also summarizes the physiological effects of applying heat and cold to the body locally or systemically, such as changes in blood flow, metabolism, muscle tone, and pain perception. Finally, it compares the effects of heat versus cold applications and their appropriate uses in different conditions.

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    Hydrotherapy uses water in its various forms (liquid, solid, vapor) for therapeutic purposes. The document discusses the properties of water that make it useful for hydrotherapy, including its buoyancy, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and effects of hydrostatic pressure. It also summarizes the physiological effects of applying heat and cold to the body locally or systemically, such as changes in blood flow, metabolism, muscle tone, and pain perception. Finally, it compares the effects of heat versus cold applications and their appropriate uses in different conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    254 views32 pages

    Hydrotherapy

    Uploaded by

    Floriza de Leon
    Hydrotherapy uses water in its various forms (liquid, solid, vapor) for therapeutic purposes. The document discusses the properties of water that make it useful for hydrotherapy, including its buoyancy, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and effects of hydrostatic pressure. It also summarizes the physiological effects of applying heat and cold to the body locally or systemically, such as changes in blood flow, metabolism, muscle tone, and pain perception. Finally, it compares the effects of heat versus cold applications and their appropriate uses in different conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Hydrotherapy

    Prepared By: Floriza P. de Leon, PTRP

    Terminologies
    Hydrology the study of water and the processes by which water is moved from one place to another Medical Hydrology the use of water, in any of its three forms, internally or externally, in the treatment of disease or trauma Hydrotherapy the external application of water for therapeutic purposes

    Water a colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless compound of oxygen and hydrogen

    PROPERTIES OF WATER

    Chemical Properties
    Major ionic constituents of natural water are:
    Cations: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium Anions: bicarbonates, sulfate, chloride, nitrate
    Pure water is a very poor conductor of electricity. The conductive property of water is closely related to the amount of dissolved matter present in ionic forms

    Physical Properties
    Freezing Point O deg Celsius at 760 mm Hg Boiling Point 100 deg Celsius at 760 mm Hg Density of Water at 0 deg Celsius 0.999868 Density of water at 40 deg Celsius 1.00 Density of ice 0.9168 Specific heat of water 1 calorie at 15 deg celsius

    Density mass per unit volume of the substance Specific gravity the ratio of the weight of a volume of substance to the weight of an equal volume of water Surface Tension the pull of the molecules of water on the surface

    Thermal Properties
    Able to absorb and store heat Resistant to sudden changes in temperature Calorie amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 deg celsius Specific Heat the number of calories needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 deg celsius. ( specific heat of water 1.0) Water has superior thermal conductivity than any other ordinary liquid. It also has the highest specific heat than any other substances. These characteristics make it an ideal modality for heating or cooling.

    Classification of Water According to its Temperature


    Celsius Very cold Cold Cool Tepid Neutral Warm Hot Very hot 1-13 13-18 18-27 27-33.5 33.5-35.5 35.5-36.5 36.5-40 40-60 Fahrenheight 34-55 55-65 65-80 80-92 92-96 96-98 98-104 104-115

    Factors to Consider in Successfully Using the Thermal Properties of Water in Therapy


    The temperature of the water The temperature gradient between the skin and water The method of application The suddenness of application The extent of the area treated The duration and frequency of treatment Weight, age, and general condition of the patient

    Mechanical Properties
    Buoyancy upward thrust experienced by a body immersed in a liquid equal to the amount of liquid it displaced (Archimedes Principle) Cohesion attractive force exerted by each molecule on those surrounding it Viscosity or internal friction the property of liquid to resist any relative motion within it. This resistance is called Hydrodynamic Force. Cohesion is directly related to viscosity, thus with greater cohesion of a substance, the greater is the resistance and the more it is viscous. Hydrostatic pressure ratio of the magnitude of the force exerted by the fluid per body surface area

    Importance Of Buoyancy
    Assist upward movement Resist downward movement Relief from weight bearing

    Factors That Affect Buoyancy


    Posture Surface area immersed Vital capacity Weight of bones in relation to muscle and fat

    Factors Affecting Hydrodynamic Force


    Speed of the object increased speed will increase the resistance Size of the object larger size the greater the resistance

    Shape of the object coarse and irregular objects will experience greater resistance than smooth regular objects

    Hydrostatic Pressure will depend on the following


    Depth of immersion Density of the liquid

    Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Human Body


    Increase venous blood flow Increase lymphatic flow Increase urine output

    Properties of Water Important in Hydrotherapy


    buoyancy (most important) Thermal conductivity and specific heat Hydrostatic pressure Cohesion Viscosity
    Water also reduces friction of solids moving in contact with one another. It is also a non-irritating cleansing solution

    Physiologic Effects of Heat & Cold


    Hypothalamus Anterior Hypothalamus Heat Loss Center prevent T rise Acts as a terminal receptor organ for T Posterior Hypothalamus Heat Maintenance Center prevent cooling Functions as a synaptic relaying activity from thermoreceptors in the skin

    Physiologic Effects of Heat & Cold


    Hunting Response of Lewis Vasoconstriction Reflex vasodilation Erythema 43C - 45C (109F - 113F) = skin tolerance to HEAT 15C (59CF) = skin tolerance to COLD

    Factors that affect responses of human body to Heat & Cold Application: 1. 2. 3. 4. Dose & Intensity Nature of heating energy Extent & Duration of Application Degree of interference offered by the body

    Factors Affecting Perception of Heat or Cold


    1. 2. 3. 4. Density of thermal receptors stimulated Degree of T produced Size of area heated Rate of T change

    Skin = cold receptors (Krauses end-bulbs) > heat receptors (Ruffinis corpuscles) = 11.3/cm2 : 3.3/cm2 Controlling Factors: Heat regulation - T of skin T sensation rate of skin T change

    Responses to Thermal Sensory Experiences


    Thermal Shock Reactions to Heat/Cold

    Mild Analgesia

    Moderate

    Extreme

    Stimulating Fight/Flight Fear/Pain

    (invigorating) (Gen. Relaxation, Decrease pain, Muscle spasm)

    Responses ( eye dilation,, BP, PR, facial color changes)

    HEAT

    Erythema ( increase blood to area)

    Sweating

    COLD

    Skin Blanch or Cyanotic (decrease blood to area)

    Piloerection

    Physiologic Effects of Systemic Application of Heat


    1. Cutaneous vasodilation 2. 25-35% increase in resting metabolism 3. Increase blood flow, blood volume, & cardiac output 4. Increase osmotic pressure of body cells 5. BP changes

    Physiologic Effects of Systemic Application of Heat


    6. Heat in abdominal

    wall decrease GI activity Ingestion of hot H2O increase gastric motility External applied heat decrease intestinal blood flow, activity, & acid secretion in stomach 7. Decrease urinary output 8. Decrease gamma spindle firing

    Physiologic Effects of Local Application of Heat


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Increase blood flow Decrease blood viscosity Increase metabolic rate Analgesic Consensual heat vasodilation

    *43-44C (109-111F) = pain

    Physiologic Response to Heat Application


    METABOLIC RESPONSE

    Increase Metabolic Rate

    Increase Phagocytosis

    Arteriolar Dilatation

    Physiologic Effects of Systemic & Local Application of Cold


    Effects are opposite of the effects of heat

    1. Decrease metabolism 2. Arteriolar vasoconstriction, due to: 1. Decrease formation of metabolites 2. Local effect of cold on small blood vessels on skin 3. Reflex vasoconstriction by the hypothalamus 3. Decrease edema formation & lymph production

    Physiologic Effects of Systemic & Local Application of Cold

    4. Increase arterial BP due to muscular contraction & vasodilation 5. Decrease muscle tone 6. Decrease pain, due to decrease muscle spasm & slowing in nerve impulses 7. Weakness & decrease ease, precision of movements

    LOCAL COOLING is used to:


    1. Decrease extravasation of fluid following acute soft tissue trauma 2. Decrease pain & muscle spasm 3. Better control of spasticity 4. Preserve viability of parts 5. Retard development of gangrene

    HEAT VERSUS COLD


    FACTORS MUSCLE SPASM SPASTICITY Decrease Cause only transient/short decrease Relieves pain HEAT Decrease Very effective in decreasing spasticity Relieves pain COLD

    PAIN

    CAPABILITY TO SUSTAIN MUSCLE CONTRACTION


    STRENGTH OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION TISSUE METABOLISM BLOOD FLOW

    Decrease
    Slight increase strength Increase Increase blood flow & tendency to bleed

    Increase
    Slight cooling will increase strength Decrease Decrease blood flow & tendency to bleed

    HEAT VERSUS COLD


    FACTORS EDEMA JOINT STIFFNESS SKILLED MOVEMENTS ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION STAGE OF CONDITION HEAT Tend to produced edema Decrease Does not impair
    Readily produce orthostatic hypotension with total or large body exposure Used in late stage of inflammatory rxn/injury to assist in their resolution

    COLD Prevents further edema Increase Impair Decrease due to vasoconstriction Used in acute inflammatory rxn/injuries to prevent aggravation Can alleviate burns if applied immediately

    EFFECT ON FROSTBITE OR BURNS

    Can reduce effect of frostbite if the parts is warmed quickly

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