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    Wireless Markup Language

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    Niharika Goel
    This document discusses WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and WML (Wireless Markup Language). It provides an overview of WAP including how it replaces some TCP/IP and HTTP layers to better suit wireless networks. It describes how WML is used instead of HTML for limited mobile screens. It also summarizes key aspects of WML like cards, decks, and events as well as considerations for mobile devices like screen size and bandwidth.

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    Wireless Markup Language

    Uploaded by

    Niharika Goel
    128 views18 pages
    This document discusses WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and WML (Wireless Markup Language). It provides an overview of WAP including how it replaces some TCP/IP and HTTP layers to better suit wireless networks. It describes how WML is used instead of HTML for limited mobile screens. It also summarizes key aspects of WML like cards, decks, and events as well as considerations for mobile devices like screen size and bandwidth.

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    This document discusses WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and WML (Wireless Markup Language). It provides an overview of WAP including how it replaces some TCP/IP and HTTP layers to better suit wireless networks. It describes how WML is used instead of HTML for limited mobile screens. It also summarizes key aspects of WML like cards, decks, and events as well as considerations for mobile devices like screen size and bandwidth.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    128 views18 pages

    Wireless Markup Language

    Uploaded by

    Niharika Goel
    This document discusses WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and WML (Wireless Markup Language). It provides an overview of WAP including how it replaces some TCP/IP and HTTP layers to better suit wireless networks. It describes how WML is used instead of HTML for limited mobile screens. It also summarizes key aspects of WML like cards, decks, and events as well as considerations for mobile devices like screen size and bandwidth.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Submitted by:Amanat Dabla 6308202,C1 IT ,final yr.

    Neeru 6308851,C1 IT ,final yr.

    XML based Language Emphasis, Alignment, Tables Buttons (Navigation mechanisms) Actions Variables Script Images - WBMP & local & alternate text

    WAP is a collection of protocols aimed at providing a captive, restricted form of WEB for mobile phones and other devices such as Palms. The wireless application protocol itself is a series of lower layer protocols that replace the TCP/IP layer and some of HTTP layer to better suit the wireless transport characteristics. The WAP devices, such as phones, include a micro-browser that has both more and less functions than a WEB browser. On the content side WEB servers are standard, perhaps needing only the addition of a MIME type for WML. There is a WAP specific work done in the gateway. The content is not provided in HTML, but in a specific Wireless Markup Language - WML. Because of the very limited screen real estate, instead of pages, the content is a card which is much smaller, but are actually delivered in small decks of related cards.

    Deck

    WML Content

    HTTP

    Browser

    Server

    Gateway WAP WAP IP

    WEB

    Identity Compilation Size restriction Speed Limit of size of the WEB accessible

    gateway
    Compress +Security cookies

    Captive WEB

    wireless

    The WAP Forum group have reinvented many of the protocol layers to be more efficient and applicable to the limited capabilities of the WAP devices like phones and data quality of the link. In some cases within the stack they have reused existing standards.

    Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP): Moves single packets to and from the phone. This is the lowest level layer defined by WAP. It is implemented on whatever suitable mechanism is available on the underlying network. For TCP/IP networks, it maps directly to UDP packets. Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP): Implements a single request-response pair between phone and gateway. The request may be for a new page, or it may be something related to the higher level protocols.
    Wireless Session Protocol (WSP): Takes care of handling actual requests for pages. Sessions are used to optimise bandwidth usage. WBCF: Is the compiled form of the WML and WMLScript.

    Wireless Markup Language WAP Binary XML Content Format Wireless Session Protocol (incl. HTTP1.1) Wireless Transaction Protocol Wireless Transport Layer Security Wireless Datagram Protocol (or UDP) Bearers - CDMA,SMS

    HTML

    HTTP TCP

    IP

    Micro Browser (WML, WMLScript, WTA, WTAI)

    Runs on top of WDP Provided lightweight X-oriented service Unreliable 1-way request Reliable 1-way/2-way req./response

    Lightweight SSL Uses WIM/PKICards

    Datagram service on different bearers Convergence between bearer services

    Different Wireless Tech.

    Optimized for wireless devices. Minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys. Provides consistent service UI across devices. Provides Internet compatibility. Enables wide array of available content and applications. Opera browser , Palmscape , Microsoft explorer 2.0 .

    <wml>

    <card

    id="login" title="login"> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <do type="accept" label="outbox" optional="false"> <go href="#outbox"/> </do> <p><img localsrc="outbox" src="" alt=""/> To:<input name="email" emptyok="false" maxlength="128" format="*a\@*a"/><br/> Password: <input name="pwd" type="password" maxlength="32" format="*N"/></p></card> <card id="outbox" title="Outbox" ontimer="#send"> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <timer name="thinktime" value="100"/> <do type="accept" label="send"><go href="#send"/> </do> <p>Send '$(pwd)' to $(email)?</p></card> <card id="send"> <onevent type="onenterforward"> <go href="http://mango/cgi-bin/wap-sendemail.sh?$(email)"/></onevent> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <p>Failed to send to $(email).</p></card> </wml>

    Tag-based browsing language:


    Screen management (text, images) Data input (text, selection lists, etc.) Hyperlinks & navigation support

    Content (XML)

    Takes into account limited display, navigation capabilities of devices XML-based language
    describes only intent of interaction in an abstract manner presentation depends upon device capabilities

    XSL Processor
    WML Stylesheet HTML StyleSheet

    Cards and Decks


    WML Browsers

    HTTP Browser

    document consists of many cards User interactions are split into cards Explicit navigation between cards cards are grouped to decks deck is similar to HTML page, unit of content transmission

    Events, variables and state mgmt

    The basic unit is a card. Cards are grouped together into Decks Document ~ Deck (unit of transfer) All decks must contain Document prologue XML & document type declaration <WML> element Must contain one or more cards

    WML File Structure


    <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE WML PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.0//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml.xml">

    <WML> ... </WML>

    Setting
    Using Using

    card styles to create forms

    variables to cache user data

    card intrinsic events to trigger transparent tasks timers WML decks decks

    Using

    Securing

    Bookmarking

    Screen

    size, resolution, colour Input devices Bandwidth Deck size

    More

    bandwidth (3G wireless) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecom System User Agent Profiles Security Location determination Local services/always on

    Books

    Mobile communications: Jochen Schiller, Addison Wesley 2000 Understanding WAP: www.wapforum.org

    Official Website (specifications)


    Technical/Developer Info and tools
    www.palopt.com.au/wap www.wap.net www.nokia.com/wap www.ericsson.se/wap phone.com www.wapgateway.org (Kannel WAP gateway project)

    Major players

    OpenSource effort

    INFOSYS Pvt. Limited and N.R. Narayana Murthy Vision And Mission : Infosys Technologies Limited 2004 Vision And Mission Vision To be a globally respected corporation that provides best-of-breed business solutions, leveraging technology, delivered by best-inclass people." Mission "To achieve our objectives in an environment of fairness, honesty, and courtesy towards our clients, employees, vendors and society at large." Introduction to Infosys : Infosys Technologies Limited 2004 Introduction to Infosys Infosys Technologies Ltd. was started in 1981. Today, it is a global leader in the "next generation" of IT and consulting. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology-enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies win in a Flat World. Infosys serves the client globally and is one of the pioneers in strategic offshore outsourcing of software services

    Key Success Factors : Infosys Technologies Limited 2004 Key Success Factors Sound Management Skills Nurturing Working Atmosphere Commitment To Values, Speed ,Imagination and Excellence Personnel Management Infrastructure

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