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    The E Tutor - Similarities of Triangles

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    1) If the three angles of one triangle are equal to the three angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar (AAA similarity). 2) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar (SAS similarity). 3) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. The area of a triangle can be found by multiplying 1/2 times the base times the height.

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    The E Tutor - Similarities of Triangles

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    89 views22 pages
    1) If the three angles of one triangle are equal to the three angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar (AAA similarity). 2) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar (SAS similarity). 3) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. The area of a triangle can be found by multiplying 1/2 times the base times the height.

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    Triangles and its Similarities AAA , ASA etc

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    1) If the three angles of one triangle are equal to the three angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar (AAA similarity). 2) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar (SAS similarity). 3) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. The area of a triangle can be found by multiplying 1/2 times the base times the height.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views22 pages

    The E Tutor - Similarities of Triangles

    Uploaded by

    info5963
    1) If the three angles of one triangle are equal to the three angles of another triangle, the triangles are similar (AAA similarity). 2) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar (SAS similarity). 3) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. The area of a triangle can be found by multiplying 1/2 times the base times the height.

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    of 22

    TRIANGLES

    Similarity of Triangles

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, i.e., if the two triangles are equiangular, then D the triangles are similar. A

    Given: Two triangles ABC & DEF, Where A = D, B = E and C = F. To Prove: ABC ~ DEF

    C E

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    Construction: Let a point P on the line DE and Q on the line DF such that AB = DP and AC = DQ, we D join PQ. Proof: Three cases arise: A a) AB < DE b) AB = DE P Q c) AB > DE

    C E

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    a) AB < DE In ABC & DPQ D AB = DP and AC = DQ (Construction) BAD = EDQ.(given) A So, by SAS congruence ABC DPQ P Q Then, ABC = DPQB C E F ABC = DEF(given) DP DQ DPQ = DEF , so PQ || EF = DE DF (Corollary to basic proportionality theorem)

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    a) AB < DE AB BC = (Construction)---------------(i) DE DF Similarly, AB AC = ------(ii) DE DF B From (i) and (ii) C E A P

    Q F

    AB BC AC corresponding DE = DF = DF Since angles are equal, ABC ~ DEF

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    b) AB = DE thus P coincides with E By A.S.A congruence, A ABC DEF AB = DE, BC = EF and AC = DF B C E Consequently, Q coincides with F. AB BC AC corresponding DE = DF = DF Since angles are equal, ABC ~ DEF P

    Q F

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    c) AB < DE In ABC & DPQ D AB = DP and AC = DQ (Construction) BAD = EDQ.(given) A So, by SAS congruence ABC DPQ E F Then, ABC = DPQB C P Q ABC = DEF(given) DP DQ DPQ = DEF , so PQ || EF = DE DF (Corollary to basic proportionality theorem)

    Criteria for Similarity of Triangles


    c) AB < DE AB BC = (Construction)---------------(i) DE DF Similarly, AB AC = ------(ii) DE DF B From (i) and (ii) C P A E D

    F Q

    AB BC AC corresponding DE = DF = DF Since angles are equal, ABC ~ DEF

    AAA Similarity of Triangles


    If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are proportional to(i.e., in the same ratio of ) the sides of the other triangle, then their corresponding angles are equal and hence the two triangles are similar. A Given: Two ABC and DPQ where

    AB BC AC = = DE DF DF To Prove: A = D, B = E and C=F B


    D

    Criteria for Similarity of Triangles


    Construction: Two Points P and Q lies on DE A and DF respectively, where DP = AB and DQ = AC and join PQ Proof: DP DQ = and PQ||EF B PE QF D So, P = E and Q = F, Thus DP DQ PQ = = DE DF EF So, DP DQ BC DE = DF = EF P E Q F

    Criteria for Similarity of Triangles


    So , BC = PQ thus, ABC DPQ so we can say that A = D, B = E and C = F Proved
    A

    P E

    Q F

    SAS similarity
    If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, then the two triangles are similar. A Given: Two triangles ABC and DEF Where AB AC = and A = D DE DF To Prove: ABC ~ DEF Construction: Two Points P and Q lies on DE and DF respectively, where DP = AB and DQ = AC P and join PQ E
    B D C

    Q
    F

    SAS similarity
    Proof: In ABC & DPQ AB = DP and AC = DQ (Construction) BAD = EDQ.(given) A So, by SAS congruence ABC DPQ Then, DPQ = DEF , so PQ || EF = B -----------------(CBPT) D So, A = D, B = P and C=Q Therefore, by using AAA similarity Q P ABC ~ DEF F E

    Areas of Similar Triangles


    The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. A P

    B Given:

    Two triangles ABC and PQR where ABC ~ PQR AB 2 AC 2 BC = = PQ PR QR


    2

    To Prove: area of ABC = area of PQR

    Areas of Similar Triangles


    Construction: Draw altitudes AM and PN of the A P triangles.

    Proof: Now, 1 ar (ABC) = BC AM 2 and 1 ar (PQR) = QR PN 2

    Areas of Similar Triangles


    A P

    B
    area of ABC area of PQR

    M =

    1 BC AM 2
    1

    C
    =

    Now, in ABM and PQN, B = Q ------------------- ( ABC ~ PQR) and M = N --------------------------(90) So, ABM ~ PQN------------- (AA similarity criterion)

    QR AN

    BC AM ------------------- (i) QR AN

    Areas of Similar Triangles


    Then , AM AB = PN PQ
    ------------------- (ii)

    Also,

    ABC ~ PQR

    ----------------------- (Given)
    -------------------

    AB AC BC PQ = PR = QR

    (iii)

    From (i) and (iii) we get AB AM area of ABC area of PQR = PQ PN

    Areas of Similar Triangles


    A P

    Or from (ii) B
    M

    C
    AB PQ

    Q
    2

    AB AB area of ABC = area of PQR = PQ PQ Now using (iii), we get AB 2 area of ABC = area of PQR = PQ

    AC 2 = PR

    BC QR

    Proved

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