Data Collection Methods: Nipun Tyagi RGGI, Meerut

Data Collection Methods
Nipun Tyagi RGGI, Meerut
Data collection method
Primary data Secondary data
Choice is depend on..
Nature of the research Cost Time Response rate Speed of data collection Quantity and quality of the data
Primary data
The data directly collected by the researcher is known as primary data. First hand data collected by researcher for the immediate purpose of the study.
Source of primary data
Observation method Expert survey Focus group interviews Depth interviews Case studies Personal interviews Questionnaire.
1. Observation method
Only current or present behavior can be studied. Behavior or attitude of the children's.
Example
Suppose a road safety week is observed in a city and public is made aware of advance precautions while walking on the road .After one week , an observer can stand at a street corner and observe the number of people walking on the footpath and those walking on the road during a given period of time . This will tell him whether the campaign on safety is successful of unsuccessful .
2. Expert survey
To get the authentic information about the problem, the researcher sometimes consult the experts of the concerned field.
3. Focus group interviews
It is a technique in which a trained moderator leads a small group of participation to an unstructured discussion on the topic of research. 6 12 participants
4. Depth interview
A depth interview is a interaction between a researcher and the respondent. One to one information is obtained from a member of target population. Unstructured Highly skilled researcher is required.
5. Case studies
A case study research method actually combines the record analysis and observation with individuals and group interviews.
6. Personal interview
A interview is called personal when the interviewer ask the question face to face with the interviewee. Highly structured No skills are needed to obtain the information for the researcher.
7. Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a series of questions for gathering information from respondents.
Primary Data Limitations
Do you have the time and money for:

Designing your collection instrument? Selecting your population or sample? Pre testing/piloting the instrument to work out sources of bias? Administration of the instrument? Entry/collation of data?
Primary Data Limitations
Researcher error
Sample bias Other confounding factors
Secondary Data
Secondary data Data someone else has collected for any other purpose.
Source of secondary data
Company records Books News paper Published materials like magazine Library as research paper, journals. Internet & different website Reports and publication from government source.
Research agencies and data services Advertising agencies Example indiastat.com and CMIE are the two private firms involved in the accumulation and selling of data.
Secondary Data Limitations
When was it collected? For how long?

May be out of date for what you want to analyze. May not have been collected long enough for detecting trends.
Is the data set complete?

There may be missing information on some observations Unless such missing information is caught and corrected for, analysis will be biased.
Are there confounding problems?

Sample selection bias? Source choice bias?
Are the data consistent/reliable?
Is the information exactly what you need?
Secondary Data Advantages
No need to reinvent the wheel.

If someone has already found the data, take advantage of it.
It will save you money.

Even if you have to pay for access, often it is cheaper in terms of money than collecting your own data. (more on this later.)
It will save you time.

Primary data collection is very time consuming. (More on this later, too!)
It may be very accurate.

When especially a government agency has collected the data, incredible amounts of time and money went into it. Its probably highly accurate.
Data collection choice
What you must ask yourself:

Will the data answer my research question?
THANK YOU ALL

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Data Collection Methods

Nipun Tyagi RGGI, Meerut

Data collection method

Primary data Secondary data

Choice is depend on..

Source of primary data

3. Focus group interviews

A questionnaire is a series of questions for gathering information from respondents.

Primary Data Limitations

Do you have the time and money for:

Primary Data Limitations

Source of secondary data

Secondary Data Limitations

When was it collected? For how long?

Secondary Data Limitations

Is the data set complete?

Secondary Data Limitations

Are there confounding problems?

Secondary Data Limitations

Are the data consistent/reliable?

Secondary Data Limitations

Is the information exactly what you need?

Secondary Data Advantages

No need to reinvent the wheel.

Secondary Data Advantages

It will save you money.

Secondary Data Advantages

It will save you time.

Secondary Data Advantages

It may be very accurate.

Data collection choice

What you must ask yourself:

THANK YOU ALL

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