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    C10 Overview

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    1) In the late 1800s, the U.S. began expanding its foreign interests and joined the imperialism of other world powers due to economic, military, and nationalistic factors. 2) The U.S. annexed Hawaii and went to war with Spain over Cuba, acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as territories. 3) The U.S. took on new international roles including building the Panama Canal and establishing policies to maintain influence in China while other powers competed for control in the region.

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    C10 Overview

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    57 views85 pages
    1) In the late 1800s, the U.S. began expanding its foreign interests and joined the imperialism of other world powers due to economic, military, and nationalistic factors. 2) The U.S. annexed Hawaii and went to war with Spain over Cuba, acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as territories. 3) The U.S. took on new international roles including building the Panama Canal and establishing policies to maintain influence in China while other powers competed for control in the region.

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    1) In the late 1800s, the U.S. began expanding its foreign interests and joined the imperialism of other world powers due to economic, military, and nationalistic factors. 2) The U.S. annexed Hawaii and went to war with Spain over Cuba, acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as territories. 3) The U.S. took on new international roles including building the Panama Canal and establishing policies to maintain influence in China while other powers competed for control in the region.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    57 views85 pages

    C10 Overview

    Uploaded by

    freda.johnson3607
    1) In the late 1800s, the U.S. began expanding its foreign interests and joined the imperialism of other world powers due to economic, military, and nationalistic factors. 2) The U.S. annexed Hawaii and went to war with Spain over Cuba, acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as territories. 3) The U.S. took on new international roles including building the Panama Canal and establishing policies to maintain influence in China while other powers competed for control in the region.

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    of 85

    The U.S.

    Becomes
    a World/Colonial
    Power

    (aka “imperialistic dog”)


    The Pressure to Expand
    Chapter 10, Section
    1

    Essential Questions:
    • What factors led to the growth of
    imperialism around the world?
    • In what ways did the United States
    begin to expand its interests abroad in
    the late 1800s?
    • What arguments were made in favor of
    Imperialism
    What’s imperialism?
    • Under imperialism, stronger nations
    attempt to create empires by dominating
    weaker nations. The late 1800s marked
    the peak of European imperialism, with
    much of Africa and Asia under foreign
    domination.
    1
    800

    Growth of World Imperialism


    1800 to 1900

    1
    Growth of Imperialism around the
    World
    Chapter 10, Section

    Factors that account for the growth of imperialism


    1
    •
    around the world.
    – Economic factors: The growth of industry increased
    the need for natural resources & overseas markets.
    (Dollars)

    – Nationalistic factors: Competition among European


    nations for large empires was the result of a rise in
    nationalism—or devotion to one’s own nation.(Destiny)
    – Military factors: Europe had better armies than
    Africa and Asia, and it needed bases around the
    world to refuel and supply navy ships. (Defense)
    – Humanitarian factors: Europeans believed that they
    • By 1890, the United States was eager to
    join the competition for new territory.
    Supporters of expansion denied that the
    United States sought to annex foreign
    lands. (To annex is to join a new territory
    to an existing country.) Yet annexation
    did take place
    Setting the Stage
    • The US continues to expand under
    the Monroe Doctrine.
    – 1891: Chilean mob attacks group of US
    sailors ――► $75,000
    – 1893: Brazilian rebellion threatens US
    shipping interests ――► US Navy
    – 1895: US tells Britain to leave
    Venezuela alone ――► GB backs off
    Why did the U.S.
    join the imperialist
    club at the end
    of the 19c?

    4D’s
    Deity, Dollars, Destiny &
    1a. Economic Factors (U.S.
    Foreign Investments) dollars

    U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-


    1908
    1b. Economic Factors (U.S.
    Foreign Trade) Dollars

    American Foreign Trade:


    1870-1914
    2. Military/Strategic Factors = protect
    U.S. shipping/foreign investments -
    Defense
    3. D

    Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783


    (U.S. needs powerful Navy to protect overseas markets)
    3a. Humanistic Factors
    Social Darwinist Thinking

    The Hierarchy The White Man’s


    of Race Burden
    3b. Religious/Missionary
    Interests - Diety

    American
    Missionaries
    in China, 1905
    4. Closing the American Frontier -
    Destiny
    Hawaii:
    "Crossroads
    of the
    Pacific"
    U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii

    Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s


    U. S. View of Hawaiians

    Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849


    by virtue of economic treaties.
    Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

    Hawaii for the


    Hawaiians!
    U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii

    1875 – Reciprocity
    Treaty
    1890 – McKinley Tariff
    1893 – American
    businessmen backed an
    uprising against Queen
    Liliuokalani.
    Sanford Ballard Dole
    proclaims the Republic
    To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
    Hawaiian
    Annexation
    Ceremony, 1898
    Japan
    Commodore Matthew Perry
    Opens Up Japan: 1853

    The Japanese
    View of
    Commodore
    Perry
    Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854
    Ø Opened Japanese ports to U.S. trade
    Ø Ended Japans 300 years of seclusion
    Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
    A Japanese note agreeing
    to deny passports to
    laborers entering the U.S.
    Japan recognized the U.S.
    right to exclude Japanese
    immigrants holding passports
    issued by other countries.
    The U.S. government got the
    school board of San Francisco

    to rescind their order to


    1908 Root-Takahira Agreement.
    Lodge Corollary to the Monroe
    Doctrine: 1912

    Senator Henry Cabot


    Lodge, Sr. (R-MA)
    Non-European powers,
    like Japan, would be
    excluded from owning
    territory in the
    Western
    Alaska
    “Seward’s Folly”: 1867

    $7.2 million
    “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
    Cuba
    Cuban Rebellion
    • 1868: Island rebels against Spain
    • 1895: Island rebels again
    – Spain crushes the rebellion
    – Spain’s “re-concentration”
    • Cuban exiles cry out for US aid
    • Destruction of US sugar plantations
    in Cuba…. This gets the attention of
    the U.S.
    Valeriano Weyler’s
    “Reconcentration” Policy
    The Imperialist Taylor
    Spanish Misrule in Cuba
    “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism

    Joseph Pulitzer

    Hearst to Frederick Remington:


    “You furnish the pictures,
    and I’ll furnish the war!”
    William Randolph Hearst
    Steps to War
    • Stolen de Lôme letter
    • USS Maine blows up
    • Preparing in the Philippines (?)
    • McKinley’s demands
    – Non-compliance ――► WAR!
    2. De Lôme Letter
    Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish
    Ambassador to the U.S.
    Criticized President
    McKinley as weak and a
    bidder for the admiration
    of the crowd, besides
    being a would-be politician
    who tries to leave a door
    open behind himself while
    keeping on good terms
    with the jingoes of his
    Theodore Roosevelt
    Assistant Secretary
    of the Navy in the
    McKinley
    administration.
    Imperialist and
    American nationalist.
    Criticized President
    McKinley as having
    the backbone of a
    chocolate éclair!
    Resigns his position to
    fight in Cuba.
    The
    “Rough
    Riders”
    Remember the Maine
    and to Hell with Spain!

    Funeral for Maine


    victims in Havana
    The Spanish-American War (1898):
    “That Splendid Little War”

    How prepared was the US for war?


    The
    Philippines
    The Spanish-American War (1898):
    “That Splendid Little War”
    Dewey Captures Manila!
    Is He To Be a Despot?
    Emilio Aguinaldo

    Leader of the Filipino


    Uprising.

    July 4, 1946:
    Philippine independence
    William H. Taft, 1st
    Gov.-General of the Philippines

    Great
    administrator.
    Our “Sphere of Influence”
    The Treaty of Paris: 1898
    Ends S-A War
    Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
    Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of
    Guam.
    The U. S. paid Spain
    $20 mil. for the
    Philippines.
    The U. S. becomes
    The American Anti-Imperialist

    Founded in 1899.
    Mark Twain, Andrew
    Carnegie, William
    James, and William
    Jennings Bryan among
    the leaders.
    Campaigned against
    the annexation of the
    Philippines and other
    Cuban Independence?
    Teller Amendment (1898)

    Senator
    Orville Platt
    Platt Amendment (1903)
    1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign
    powers that would endanger its independence.
    2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary
    to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
    3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval
    and coaling station.
    DILEMMA--Did
    U. S. citizenship
    follow the flag??
    Puerto
    Rico
    Puerto Rico: 1898
    1900 - Foraker Act.
    § PR became an “unincorporated territory.”
    § Citizens of PR, not of the US.
    § Import duties on PR goods

    1901-1903 the Insular Cases.


    § Constitutional rights were not automatically
    extended to territorial possessions.
    § Congress had the power to decide these rights.
    § Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act
    Puerto Rico: 1898
    1917 – Jones Act.
    § Gave full territorial status to PR.
    § Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming
    into the US.
    § PRs elected their
    own legislators &
    governor to enforce
    local laws.
    § PRs could NOT vote
    in US presidential
    elections.
    Panama
    The Panama Canal
    • US wants a shorter
    shipping route
    • Colombia won’t give
    it
    • US “frees” Panama
    • US builds the canal
    • Varied reactions to
    canal
    Panama: The King’s Crown
    1850 Clayton-Bulwer
    Treaty.
    1901 Hay-Paunceforte
    Treaty.
    Philippe Bunau-Varilla,
    agent provocateur.
    Dr. Walter Reed.
    Colonel W. Goethals.
    1903 Hay-Bunau-
    Panama Canal

    TR in Panama
    (Construction begins in
    1904)
    The Roosevelt Corollary to the
    Monroe Doctrine: 1905
    Chronic wrongdoing… may
    in America, as elsewhere,
    ultimately require
    intervention by some
    civilized nation, and in the
    Western Hemisphere the
    adherence of the United
    States to the Monroe
    Doctrine may force the
    United States, however
    reluctantly, in flagrant
    cases of such wrongdoing
    or impotence, to the
    Speak Softly,
    But Carry a Big Stick!
    China
    Stereotypes of the Chinese

    Oriental [Chinese]
    Exclusion Act,
    1887
    The Boxer Rebellion: 1900

    The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.


    “55 Days at Peking.”
    The Open Door Policy

    Secretary John Hay.


    Give all nations equal
    access to trade in China.
    Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
    over by any one foreign power.
    The
    Open Door
    Policy
    America as a Pacific Power
    America's
    New
    Role
    The Cares of a Growing Family
    Constable of the World
    Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905

    Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy


    The Great White Fleet: 1907
    Taft’s “Dollar
    Diplomacy”
    Improve financial
    opportunities for
    American businesses.
    Use private capital to
    further U. S. interests
    overseas.
    Therefore, the U.S.
    should create stability
    and order abroad that
    would best promote
    America’s commercial
    Mexico
    The Mexican Revolution: 1910s

    Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico

    and puts Madero in prison where he was


    murdered.
    Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano

    Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought


    against Huerta.
    The U.S. also got involved by occupying
    Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.
    The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
    Emiliano Zapata

    Pancho Villa
    Venustiano Carranza

    Porfirio
    Diaz
    Francisco I
    Madero
    Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”

    The U. S. should
    be the conscience
    of the world.

    Spread democracy.

    Promote peace.

    Condemn colonialism.
    Searching for Banditos

    General John J. Pershing with Pancho


    Villa in 1914.
    U. S. Global Investments &
    Investments in Latin America, 1914
    U. S. Interventions in
    Latin America: 1898-1934
    Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”

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