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    Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3

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    Research material and environment related resource is available free on http://ecrd.in/, please visit to get the best resource on web for environment training. http://learntech.in/ has developed this environment learning portal, you can visit the Leaders in E Learning development in India to explore more ideas on learning.

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    Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3

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    64 views20 pages
    Research material and environment related resource is available free on http://ecrd.in/, please visit to get the best resource on web for environment training. http://learntech.in/ has developed this environment learning portal, you can visit the Leaders in E Learning development in India to explore more ideas on learning.

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    Research material and environment related resource is available free on http://ecrd.in/, please visit to get the best resource on web for environment training. http://learntech.in/ has developed this environment learning portal, you can visit the Leaders in E Learning development in India to explore more ideas on learning.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    64 views20 pages

    Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3

    Uploaded by

    ECRD
    Research material and environment related resource is available free on http://ecrd.in/, please visit to get the best resource on web for environment training. http://learntech.in/ has developed this environment learning portal, you can visit the Leaders in E Learning development in India to explore more ideas on learning.

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    of 20

    Hands on Training in Appropriate Instrumentation and Techniques for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.

    New Delhi, March 17, 2012


    Presentation on

    Waste Minimisation & Zero Discharge


    by

    Dr. Dilip B. Boralkar Former Member Secretary Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, Mumbai
    www.boralkar.com

    Organised by

    M/s Envirotech Insruments Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

    Introduction
    The waste minimization can be phrased differently:
    Waste reduction or waste strength reduction; Application of clean technologies or green technologies Pollution prevention; Environment-friendly technologies (LNWT) The preference, naturally, will be reflected in the following order: No waste generation at all If waste is generated, it is recycled

    Residual wastes reduction v/w and in toxicity by treatment


    Disposal of treated residues should be so smooth that it does not

    adversely affect the recipient body (for example, discharge of treated effluent through an out fall diffuser).

    WM Program: Critical Steps


    Approach of out of site, out of mind to be changed
    WM program to aim
    Waste Quantity Waste Toxicity Recovery Expenditure Potential Risk

    Saving Raw Material cost Saving Waste Disposal

    Preparation of WM Program:
    Waste Audit : Characterize waste streams Emission inventory : Quantification of release

    Fugitive loss control


    Good operating practice (GOP) Good maintenance practice (GMP)

    WM Techniques
    Technology selected depends on nature of waste and type of contaminants such as :
    Contaminants 1. Organic Type Break-up Organic liquids, soils, sludge sediments Petroleum contaminated soils, sludge sediments Solvent contaminated soils, sludge sediments Rubber goods, tyre, belts, polymers, etc. Metal containing solutions Metal containing soils, sludge sediments Slag, bottom ashes, fly ash, foundry sands Batteries, mercury containing materials, etc.

    2. Inorganic

    3. Misc.

    Chemical tanks, demolition debris, transformers, ballasts, etc.

    Waste Recycling Technologies : a. Wastes containing organics


    Waste type Organic solvent & petroleum product Possible recycling technology Distillation, energy recovery, decanting

    Soils-sludge-sediments, solvent/ petroleum Energy recovery, decanting, thermal contaminated or organic sledges desorption, solvent extraction VOCs Non-aqueous phase liquids (O & G) Dissolved organics Propellant & explosives Lead acid battery cases In-situ vacuum extraction, Pump and recover Freeze- crystallization Energy recovery, extraction, reuse Energy recovery and/or reuse

    Rubber goods (tyres, belts)


    Liquid monomers

    Energy recovery, size reduction, reuse


    Distillation, energy recovery

    Waste Recycling Technologies : b. Wastes containing inorganics Waste type Possible recycling technology

    Metal containing solutions


    Metal containing soil, sludge, sediment, slag Abrasive blasting material, foundry sand Lead acid & Ni-Cd batteries

    Crystallization, precipitation, ionexchange, RO, evaporation, cementation, electrowinning Chemical leaching, solidification, vitrification,
    Use as raw material for cement, vetrification Chemical leaching, pyrometallurgical processing, physical separation

    Waste Recycling Technologies : c. Miscellaneous waste

    Waste type Scrap chemical tanks, pipes Non-metal structures and demolition debris Wood debris Transformer & ballast

    Possible recycling technology Decontamination and disassembly Separation and disassembly, use as construction material Energy recovery PCB flush and treat, metal recovery

    Recycling Technologies
    Distillation Energy recovery (general) Energy recovery (cement Ion Exchange Liquid ion exchange (LIX) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Diffusion dialysis (DD) Electrolysis (ED) Evaporation Cement raw materials Physical separation Adsorption

    kiln)
    Thermal desorption
    Solvent extraction Freeze crystallization

    Chemolysis
    Thermolysis Chemical precipitation

    Implementation of WM Program
    A. Training

    B. Raw material control


    C. Managing utilities Boiler performance

    A/F ratio Flue gas analysis Temperature O&M

    Combustion in oil fired boiler

    Energy Pumps Fans Air compressors

    Implementation of WM Program
    D. Hardware & Machinery Efficiency Mechanical separation Equipment modifications E. Process Modification Reactors Effectiveness of catalysts Heat exchangers : cause of waste due to reduced efficiency Distillation columns : cause of waste due to reduced efficiency D. Catalyst : Hastens reaction, increased conversion,

    reduced waste

    Pollution of rivers due to sewage disposal: Need for Zero Discharge


    The dumping and discharge of untreated or

    partially treated sewage and industrial waste waters into the rivers is the principal cause of the slow death of these rivers. The rivers systems are biologically dead. People living on river banks suffer from several ailments caused by microorganisms penetrating the food chain through such contaminated water sources.

    Continued

    In order to bring the river back to life, we

    need to impose more stringent standards for the treatment and discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluent It is now achievable with newly available, cost-effective, not-so-space intensive and environmentally sound technologies.

    Past Experience

    A BOD of 30 mg/litre is national

    standard for the disposal of treated sewage or trade effluent into surface water streams. The limit, though high, is not stringent enough and it does not include removal of nitrogen and phosphorous which are responsible for eutrophication of our water bodies.

    continued

    In fact, the efforts of 38 years of the

    implementation of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and 25 years of the implementation of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 have not yielded results of even minimum satisfaction level.

    Technologies
    In the last few years several welcome technological developments have taken place which if implemented would bring the rivers back to life. The new technologies which include the Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR), Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR), Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology etc. are more efficient and more cost

    effective. They require less space and save local municipal corporations huge costs on land requirements.

    continued
    They can deliver 4 to 5 times better results

    as compared with those of conventional technologies that were set up based on the 30 BOD standard: they can achieve an average of BOD 5mg/L for treated sewage with maximum being <10 mg/lit. The treated sewage water is suitable for recycling/reusing for non-potable purposes and can bring in money.

    Policy
    Policy interventions are required to

    seize the initiative and momentum for river conservation gathered not only at the government level but also in public forums. We have in the past decades of development taken away the life of the rivers.

    continued

    We are solely responsible for

    reversing that situation. If we do not do that in the immediate future, especially when we now have the technology, the coming generation will never forgive us.

    Thanks very much!


    For more information visit: www.boralkar.com

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