3R Concepts in Solid Waste Management
3R Concepts in Solid Waste Management
3R Concepts in Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste:
Solid waste refers to the range of garbage arising from animal and human activities that are
discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is generated from industrial, residential and
commercial activities , mostly occur from industrial site.
Solid Waste Management is defined as the discipline associated with control of generation,
storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a
way that best addresses the range of public health, conservation, economics, aesthetic,
engineering and other environmental considerations.
In its scope, solid waste management includes planning, administrative, financial, engineering
and legal functions. Solutions might include complex inter-disciplinary relations among fields
such as public health, city and regional planning, political science, geography, sociology,
economics, communication and conservation, demography, engineering and material sciences.
The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and eliminating adverse impacts of
waste materials on human health and environment to support economic development and
superior quality of life.
It includes these steps:
Collecting of waste
Treatment of waste
Disposal
Waste Management
Solid waste management in Textile :
Textile industry is the leading and foremost industry of Pakistan. Textile industry is considered
as the backbone of the country's economy. In present days textile sector is facing lot of crises,
from all of them one is its waste management. Cotton is the basic raw material which used the
yarn manufacturing and yarn then for other processes of textile supply chain. Here we studied
and discussed all other types of waste of textile sector which some what also originate from the
cotton. The synthetic solid waste also discussed in the domain of spinning waste, weaving
waste, chemical/processing waste and garment waste. The aim of this paper is to manage these
all types of waste by analyzing and studying the variables which are Proper Recycling,
Transportation, health care for collectors, fully equipped staff and through management
succession. And we conclude that if these variables manage properly than it can control the
harmful effects of waste and also play a vital role in the improvement of financial condition of
the textile industry.
3 R’s :
To improve overall waste management system these 3 steps must be follows
Reuse: Reuse of products and parts (Use things again and again.)
“The three R’s – reduce, reuse and recycle – all help to cut down on the amount of waste we
throw away. They conserve natural resources, landfill space and energy. Plus, the three R’s save
land and money communities must use to dispose of waste in landfills. Siting a new landfill has
become difficult and more expensive due to environmental regulations and public opposition.”
3 R’s in Textile Industry:
REDUCE:
Reducing water consumption:
Water is used extensively throughout textile processing operations. Almost all dyes, specialty
chemicals, and finishing chemicals are applied to textile substrates from water baths. In addition,
most fabric preparation steps, including desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing, use
aqueous systems. The amount of water used varies widely in the industry, depending on the
specific processes operated at the mill, the equipment used, and the prevailing management
philosophy concerning water use. Reducing water consumption in textile processing is important
for furthering pollution prevention. Water consumption in a textile factory can be reduced by
implementing various changes such as;
Energy conservation:
As with water conservation, reductions in energy use can result in substantial savings and lower
emissions from boilers or generating plants. They include optimizing compressed air generation,
installing compressor control systems, and general housekeeping .Reduce cooling loads,decrease
condensing temperature (as a guideline, reducing condensing temperature by 1ºC will yield
savings of between 2% and 4% of annual refrigeration cost); Increase evaporating temperature
(as a guideline, increasing evaporator temperature by 1ºC will yield savings of between 2% and
4% of annual refrigeration cost); Compressor control, incorrect control of compressors can
increase costs by 20%, or more; Boiler blow down, economizers, insulation, flash steam recovery,
good housekeeping, installing heat exchangers, optimizing plant environmental conditions,
shutting off of lighting, air-conditioning, etc.
Reducing toxicity:
Compounds that contribute to the aquatic toxicity of textile effluent include salt,metals,
surfactants, toxic organic chemicals, biocides and toxic anions. Some methods of reducing the
use of these compounds are to :
Reduce metal content through careful pre-screening of chemicals and dyes for metal
content and using alternatives where possible.
Reduce the amount of salt in the effluent by optimizing recipes, using low-salt dyes,
reusing dye baths and optimizing dyeing temperatures.
Carefully pre-screen chemicals for their toxic nature using MSDS (Material Safety Data
Sheet).
REUSE :
The second R is reuse. In textile industries there are a lot of things in process that can be reuse
in other processes.By reusing it not only reduce waste but it also save money. Some reuse
examples are give
RECYCLE :
The third and final R in the 3R Waste Hierarchy is Recycle. Recycling involves recovering the
valuable raw materials from a product, using either mechanical or chemical recovery processes,
and utilizing these as inputs into new products. Recycling is a key concept of modern waste
management. Ninety-nine percent of used textiles are recyclable.some of recycling done in
textile industry are mention below;
Thermal Recycling :
Thermal recycling is intended to recover heat energy generated from the incineration of fibre
wastes as thermal or electrical energy.
Chemical Recycling :
Chemical recycling recovers monomers from waste fibres by polymer decomposition. Impurities
can be easily removed from recovered monomers, so their quality will be made exactly equal to
virgin monomers.