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    SDH Fundamentals

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    renattoocarlos
    SDH is a timing hierarchy +Allows higher and more flexible bit-rates than PDH +Uses a different frame structure and synchronization. Synchronization +One master clock to synchronize whole operator network.

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    SDH Fundamentals

    Uploaded by

    renattoocarlos
    116 views15 pages
    SDH is a timing hierarchy +Allows higher and more flexible bit-rates than PDH +Uses a different frame structure and synchronization. Synchronization +One master clock to synchronize whole operator network.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    SDH is a timing hierarchy +Allows higher and more flexible bit-rates than PDH +Uses a different frame structure and synchronization. Synchronization +One master clock to synchronize whole operator network.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    116 views15 pages

    SDH Fundamentals

    Uploaded by

    renattoocarlos
    SDH is a timing hierarchy +Allows higher and more flexible bit-rates than PDH +Uses a different frame structure and synchronization. Synchronization +One master clock to synchronize whole operator network.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    SDH Basics

    Objective
    What is SDH? SDH System Standards Frame Structure Multiplexing Advantages

    What is SDH?????
    SDH is a timing hierarchy
    Allows higher and more flexible bit-rates than PDH Uses a different frame structure and synchronization

    Hierarchical synchronization
    One master clock to synchronize whole operator network

    SDH System
    TERMINAL EQUIPMENT REGENERATOR ADD / DROP MULTIPLEXER

    Standards
    Optical Signal STM-0 STM-1 STM- 4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 Bit Rate 51.84 Mbps 155.52 Mbps 622.080 Mbps 2488.320 Mbps 9953.280 Mbps 39813.12 Mbps Abbreviated as 51 Mbps 155 Mbps 622 Mbps 2.4 Gbps 10 Gbps 40 Gbps

    TX END

    RX END

    STM-1 Frame Format

    Frame =125s

    Frame =125s

    Frame = 125s

    STM-1 = 270 Columns (2430 bytes)


    1 2 3 Regenerator Section Overhead H1 H2 H3

    Administrative Unit
    Capacity of the Virtual Container + Pointers 9 Rows

    Pointers

    4 5 6 7 8 9

    H1H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3

    Multiplex Section Overhead

    Overhead width = 9 columns

    STM-N Frame Format

    Frame Format
    STM - Section overhead and Administrative unit Section overhead Regenerator section overhead and Multiplex section Section Overhead overhead Administrative unit Virtual container Regenerator Overhead and pointers Virtual container - Payload and Path overhead information 1 Byte=8bits * 8000 frames/sec=64 Kbps
    Multiplex overhead

    STM-N

    Administrative unit

    Pointer

    Virtual Container

    Path overhead

    Payload

    The Container (C) Basic packaging unit for tributary signals (PDH)

    The Virtual Container (VC) Formation of the Container by adding of a POH (Path Overhead) The Tributary Unit (TU) Is formed via adding a pointer to the VC The Tributary Unit Group (TUG) Combines several TUs for a new VC The Administrative Unit (AU) Is shaped if a pointer is allocated to the VC formed at last The Synchronous Transport Module (STM-N) Formed by adding a Section Overhead (SOH) to AUs

    SDH Multiplexing

    SDH Multiplexing
    4 columns TU 12 9X4 1 2 3 4 9 rows

    Stuffing and POH TUG-3 9 X 84


    Section Over Head
    P O H P O H P O H

    1 2 3

    TUG-2 9 X 12

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
    TUG - 3 TUG - 3 TUG - 3

    (9 X 9)

    Advantages
    High speed standards Efficient Multiplexing / Demultiplexing Enhanced Operation, administration, Provisioning, Maintenance capabilities (OAM&P) A reduction in the amount of equipment . The provision of overhead and payload bytes Synchronous multiplexing format for carrying lower-level digital signals is justified. The availability of a set of generic standards, which enable multi-vendor interoperability.

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