Malacca Straits-Aids To Navigation

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002
ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

COOPERATION WITH REGIONAL MARITIME AUTHORITIES....
IS THERE ROOM FOR MORE PLAYERS ?
BY SHIMURA TADASHI GENERAL MANAGER NIPPON MARITIME CENTER 16 RAFFLES QUAY #27-03 HONG LEONG BUILDING SINGAPORE 048581, SINGAPORE
INTERTANKO
E-mail : [email protected] RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE 15th OCTOBER 2002

DISCLAIMER
The opinions herein are expressed by the author in his private capacity.
PRESENTATION SYNOPSIS
1.0
Characteristics of Malacca/Singapore Straits Regional Maritime authorities and their co-operative efforts in shipping safety
2.0
and marine environment protection.

3.0 4.0 Recent and further improvements needed to reduce maritime casualties in the Straits Specific details of Japanese Co-operation
INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 4
1.0 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths
The Usual Route for VLCCs from Middle East to East Asia
Northern half has deep water, but Southern half has a 2-Lane ship routeing system
(known as traffic separation scheme TSS) It is the longest stretch of such a TSS in the world, extending 263 sea miles !
Depths on Eastbound Lane are 23.0 metres, Westbound Lane 16.0 metres
1.1 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths
Two Deep Water routes in Eastbound Lane where not possible to have 23.0 metres depth
Average VLCC is 330 metres long.

Large vessels need to navigate between narrows One Fathom Bank Beacons (1400 metres) Takong Beacons (800 metres) West bound lane Singapore Strait (530 metres)
Once a fully laden VLCC enters the TSS from west, she has to complete the passage; there is no turning back !
1.2 MALACCA STRAITS Passage
ALL SHIPS PASSING MUST MAINTAIN 3.5 METRES UNDERKEEL CLEARANCE (UKC)
Source : Nippon Maritime Center
1.3 MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITS, Narrow Straits & Strong Tides
Tidal tail of over 5 kilometer/hour !
Source : Nippon Maritime Center 8
1.4 Oil Dependency in Percentage Terms

IN KILO TONNES
Singapore HongKong Japan Korea Consume 1999 Produce 1999 Dependency 1999 Consume 2020 Produce 2020 Dependency 2020
21,218 11,241 266,438 99,913
0 0 746 446
100 % 100 % 99 % 99 %
27842 23876 288359 163045
0 0 0 446
100 % 100 % 100 % 99 %
Vietnam
Brunei Philippines China Indonesia Malaysia ChineseTaipei Thailand Source : APERC
7,532
428 17,682 204,291 46,666 22,231 38,227 33,859
15,331
9,712 41 159,896 70,053 37,348 44 4,138
-103 %
-2169 % 99 % 21 % -50 % -68 % 99 % 87 %
32238
1109 36996 497,249 100,023 52,129 51,085 73,117
30,529
11,204 1,124 151,886 42,040 32,874 0 3,560
-5 %
-910 % 97 % 69 % 58 % 37 % 100 % 95 % 9
1.5 Net Oil Imports(>0) and Exports (<0)

In KILO TONNES
Singapore Hong Kong Japan Korea Vietnam Brunei Philippines China Indonesia
1999
21,218 11,241 265,692 99,467
2020 Forecast
27,842 23,876 288,359 162,599
-7,799 exporter
-9,284 exporter 17,641 44,395 -23,387 exporter
30,529
-10,095 exporter 35,872 345,363 57,983
Malaysia
Chinese Taipei Thailand Source : APERC
-15,117 exporter
38,183 29,271
19,255
51,085 69,557
10
1.6 MALACCA STRAITS, Shipping Traffic

BASED ON TO VESSEL TRAFFIC SYSTEM (PER DAY) VLCC/DEEP DRAUGHT VESSELS CRUDE / PRODUCT TANKERS
1999 2027 11474 2473 15974 27991 43965 36%
2000
(153)
2001
(162)
3163 13343 2962 19468 36499 55967 35%
3303 14276 3086 20665 38649 59314 35%

11
LNG / LPG SUBTOTAL OF TANKERS ALL OTHER TRAFFIC

TOTAL REPORTING TRAFFIC
PERCENTAGE OF TANKERS
Source : MARINE DEPARTMENT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
1.7
Pre December 1998 (Before Continuous TSS), Eight COLLISIONS in 2 Months
Source : Nippon Maritime Center 12
1.8
Post December 1998 (After Continuous TSS), Six COLLISIONS in the last 3 Years
N Idaman/ Champion Peace 20th October 2000
Norgas Discoverer/Greek Fighter 15th June 2000 Yong Ann 2/B Melawis 2 23th November 2000
New Venture/Maritime Fidelity 1st July 1999
6
Rowan/Singapura Timur 28th May 2001 Source : Nippon Maritime Center
Graceous/Lula 1 19th October 1999
2
1
13
1.9
MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITS STILL THE BEST OPTION ?

YES, BECAUSE OF THESE BENEFITS
BETTER SURVEYED AND RELIABLE MAPPING RELIABLE NAVIGATIONAL AIDS, VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC READILY AVAILABLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM GOOD SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR SHIPPING e.g CREW CHANGE, BUNKERS, REPAIRS, PORT FACILITIES, TRANSHIPMENT SHORTER DISTANCE e.g ADEN TO YOKOHAMA VIA MALACCA STRAIT =6535 miles, 21 DAYS 19 HRS at 12.5kts VIA SUNDA STRAIT =7165 miles, 23 DAYS 21 HRS at 12.5kts
VIA LOMBOK STRAIT= 7549 miles, 25 DAYS 04 HRS at 12.5kts
14
2.0
Regional Maritime Authorities
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore enjoy maritime co-operation which include the following :
1. Harmonizing key International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Regulations for safe transit through Malacca Straits 2. The Tripartite Technical Experts Group (TTEG) on the Safety of Navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, 1975.
3. The Standard Operating Procedure for Joint Oil Spill Combat in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOP), 1984
4. The Agreement for Facilitation of Search of Ships in Distress and Rescue of Survivors of Ship Accidents, 1975 5. Various Co-operation under the ASEAN, ASEAN-JAPAN, ASEAN+3, Framework
2.1 Recent Improvement to reduce maritime casualties in Straits of Malacca
Extended Traffic Separation Scheme from One Fathom Bank to Horsburgh since 1st December 1998 Mandatory ship reporting scheme for vessels over 300 gross tonne using the Straits since 1st December 1998 Continuous radar coverage in the Malacca and Singapore Straits since 1st December 1998 IMO-adopted Rules for Vessels Navigating through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore
2.2 Recent Improvement to reduce maritime casualties in Straits of Malacca
Differential GPS stations which allows position fixing accuracy better than 20 metre, voluntarily established by Malaysia and Singapore. Continuous listening watch by ships on appropriate VHF radio channels throughout the Straits Speed limits at some stretches of the Straits for certain vessels.
17
3.0 Further Improvements that could reduce maritime casualties in the Straits of Malacca
Several projects including proposed widening of

certain narrow stretches of the Singapore Straits and further extension of TSS to northern portion of Malacca Straits, if the Burden Sharing proposal under UNCLOS Article 43 is more widely received by international community
The International Maritime Organization (IMO)s

Marine Electronic Highway Project
3.1 UNCLOS ARTICLE 43

User States and States bordering a strait should by agreement cooperate: a) In the establishment and maintenance in a strait of necessary navigational and safety aids or other improvements in aid of international navigation; b) For the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships
19
4.0 Co-operation with Regional Maritime Authorities

There are several Japanese agencies that extend cooperation in the regional maritime safety and marine environment matters. This is not a complete list. These several organizations are 1. The Nippon Foundation 2. Petroleum Association of Japan 3. Malacca Strait Council 4. The Japan Association of Marine Safety. 5. Japan International Cooperation Agency 6. other Government and Non-Governmental agencies
20
4.1
GENERAL
21
4.2
GENERAL
22

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INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

E-mail : [email protected] RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE 15th OCTOBER 2002

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

and marine environment protection.

1.0 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths

1.1 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths

Average VLCC is 330 metres long.

1.2 MALACCA STRAITS Passage

Source : Nippon Maritime Center

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

Tidal tail of over 5 kilometer/hour !

Source : Nippon Maritime Center 8

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

1.4 Oil Dependency in Percentage Terms

21,218 11,241 266,438 99,913

27842 23876 288359 163045

100 % 100 % 100 % 99 %

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

1.5 Net Oil Imports(>0) and Exports (<0)

1.6 MALACCA STRAITS, Shipping Traffic

1999 2027 11474 2473 15974 27991 43965 36%

3163 13343 2962 19468 36499 55967 35%

3303 14276 3086 20665 38649 59314 35%

LNG / LPG SUBTOTAL OF TANKERS ALL OTHER TRAFFIC

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

Pre December 1998 (Before Continuous TSS), Eight COLLISIONS in 2 Months

Source : Nippon Maritime Center 12

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

N Idaman/ Champion Peace 20th October 2000

New Venture/Maritime Fidelity 1st July 1999

Graceous/Lula 1 19th October 1999

MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITS STILL THE BEST OPTION ?

VIA LOMBOK STRAIT= 7549 miles, 25 DAYS 04 HRS at 12.5kts

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

Regional Maritime Authorities

1. Harmonizing key International Maritime Organization (IMO)

2.1 Recent Improvement to reduce maritime casualties in Straits of Malacca

2.2 Recent Improvement to reduce maritime casualties in Straits of Malacca

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

Several projects including proposed widening of

The International Maritime Organization (IMO)s

3.1 UNCLOS ARTICLE 43

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

4.0 Co-operation with Regional Maritime Authorities

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

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