ISSN: 2278 7798

International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)

Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013

AUTOMATED TOLLPLAZA SYSTEM USING

RFID
Sachin Bhosale.
Department of Computer Engineering Jaihind College of Engineering, Kuran University of Pune.
Dnyaneshwar Natha Wavhal.
Department of Computer Engineering Jaihind College of Engineering, Kuran University of Pune.

Abstract An Automated Toll System is used for toll I.INTRODUCTION

collection without making traffic congestion and waiting in
long queue with help of RFID technique. Also, by using this Toll plaza system increasing traffic volume makes
system, it will save time, i.e. by avoiding long queue as no need congestion commonly around the tollgates of Highway. So,
to stop the vehicle and no need of manual transaction. Most reform measure of congestion around the tollgates is
important that, the stolen vehicle will be able to catch easily urgently required. One of the methods is Toll Collection
with help of RFID technique and nail assembly.
System.
The current system for collecting toll is on the basis of manual
transaction. In this each vehicle has to stop at the toll plaza for Develop a micro simulation model, which reproduces the
payment and there can be a problem of exact transaction. It operation states of various tollgate systems: waiting time,
causes traffic congestion, increase in pollution, and wasting passing time. With this simulator, proposed the optimal
time of people. In Automated Toll System no need to stop operation strategy of highway tollgate by benefit-cost
vehicle at toll plaza, it will detect the RFID tag, which is analysis on the basis of benefit in saving total waiting time
mounted on vehicle. After detecting RFID tag, the database on
and operating cost.
the administrators screen will appear and the balance from
the customers account will get deducted. So there will not be
any problem as mentioned above. Reduce time for collecting toll at the toll plaza.
RFID tags can be read at much greater distances;
An RFID tag is installed on each vehicle with read/write an RFID reader can pull information from a tag at
memory. A reader device reads this data when near to toll distances up to 300 feet.
system from the vehicle and compares it with the data in the
computer database, if ID is in defaulter i.e. complaint is in
As the vehicle approaches the identification site,
police station about lost or something for security purpose the computerized control unit placed near toll lane
nails get up so that it will not able to go outside and it will get receives the identifier signal and calculates the toll
automatically caught then allows the access accordingly by to be debited and electronically debits the toll on
opening the gate. But, ID is not in the defaulter list, toll the account of the particular vehicle.
collection is taken and nails goes down and gate get open .The
This system allows a vehicle to persist past the
entire system is developed as an embedded system using
micro-controller and associated devices. The system is scan point without stopping, thus offering
connected to a PC using the RS232C interface in the maximum convenience to motorists, speeding up
embedded system. This allows the system to read and write the flow of traffic, and reducing the number of
data from/to a database that is from the account. human resources required at highway toll plazas.
Smooth traffic flow at toll gates.
KeywordsAutomated toll collection, RFID.
Convenient toll collection without handling cash.
Manuscript Reduction of management costs.
Sachin Bhosale, Department of Computer Engineering Jaihind College of Convenient and quick service to the vehicle
Engineering, Kuran University of Pune.India, +919960568366. owners.
Stolen vehicles can be detected.
Dnyaneshwar Natha Wavhal, Department of Computer Engineering
Jaihind College of Engineering, Kuran University of Pune.India,
+91986074341
455
All Rights Reserved 2013 IJSETR
 ISSN: 2278 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013

Automated Toll System using the RFID technology, it a) An antenna or coil

contains the RFID tag and the RFID reader.
b) A transceiver (with decoder)
RFID tends the Radio Frequency Identification; they
consist of the tags which can be either active or passive. c) A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with
Passive RFID tags do not have their own power supply: the unique information.
minute electrical current induced in the antenna by the
Automatic vehicle identification tags can be further broken
incoming radio-frequency scan provides enough power for
down into distinct tag types based on the degree to which
the tag to send a response. Due to power and cost concerns,
they can be programmed and the type of power source.
the response of a passive RFID tag is necessarily brief,
typically just an ID number. Type I: The information stored in these tags is fixed (read-
only), and the tags do not have any processing capabilities.
Active RFID tags, on the other hand, must have a power
source, and may have longer ranges and larger memories Type II: These tags contain an updateable (read/write) area
than passive tags, as well as the ability to store additional on which the antenna/reader may encode information such
information sent by the transceiver. The technological as point of entry, date/time of passage, etc.
differences between tag types do not affect their abilities to
collect travel time data; the necessary data (i.e. unique ID Type III: (also called Smart Tags) are used in conjunction
numbers) are transmitted from the transponders to the with an in-lane RF antenna/reader to communicate
roadside units regardless of transponder type. identifying information about the vehicle, customer, and
account balance information to the toll system. Some
At present, the smallest active tags are about the size of a portions of the tag information are fixed (such as vehicle
coin. Many active tags have practical ranges of tens of and customer data) while others are updateable (such as
meters, and a battery life of up to several years. Radio balance information). The Smart Tag contains a
frequency identification (RFID) is a method of remotely microprocessor, which maintains account balance
storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. information that is updated each time the smart tag is used.
An RFID tag is a small object, such as an adhesive sticker,
that can be attached to or incorporated into a product. RFID
tags contain antennae to enable them to receive and
respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID II.NEED
transceiver.
The current system for collecting toll is on the basis of
manual transaction. In this each vehicle has to stop at the
RFID tags can be either active or passive. Passive RFID
toll plaza for payment. It causes traffic congestion, increase
tags do not have their own power supply: the minute
in pollution, and wasting time of people. In Automated Toll
electrical current induced in the antenna by the incoming
System no need to stop vehicle at toll plaza, it will detect
radio-frequency scan provides enough power for the tag to
the RFID tag, which is on vehicle. After detecting RFID
send a response. Due to power and cost concerns, the
tag, the database on the screen will appear and the balance
response of a passive RFID tag is necessarily.
from the customers account will get deducted. So there
will not be any problem as mentioned above.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic
The goal is to implement the reliable system that leads to:
identification method, relying on storing and remotely
retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or Saving the time at toll plaza for toll collection.
transponders. The technology requires some extent of Reducing traffic congestion and increases security
cooperation of an RFID reader and an RFID tag. concerns.
What is RFID Tag?

A basic RFID system consists of three components:

456
All Rights Reserved 2013 IJSETR
 ISSN: 2278 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013

III.SYSTEM DESIGN IV.ARCHITECTURE

System Architecture and Business Logic: The deals with the transmitter section where the vehicle
Number , smart card number details of the vehicle are taken
Background: they are verified with the data base and checked, if the
details satisfy, after transferring the data the comes to the
The most creative & challenging phase of the system like
receiving section the encoded signal is decoded and the
cycle is system design. The term design describes a final
given to the microcontroller the microcontroller does the
system & the process by which it is developed. It refers to
two things, it displays the data on the PC which is to be
the technical specifications that will be applied in
verified by the security and the vehicle gets the relevant
implementing the candidate system. It also includes the
receipt, if the details are verified after the transaction then
construction of programs & program testing. The key
goes to actuator unit and then the gate opens automatically.
question involved here is How the problem should be
solved?
LCD
Display
System design is a solution for the question of how to
GSM
approach to the creation of a new system. This important To Gate
Module
phase is composed of several steps. It provides the Assembly
understanding & procedural details necessary for
implementing the system recommended in the feasibility
study. Emphasis is on translating the performance
Motor Mechanical
requirements into design specifications. Design goes PC RS 232 Drive Assembly
throughout logical & physical stages of development.
Logical reviews the present physical system; prepares input
& output specifications makes edit security & control
specifications; details the implementation plan; prepares a
logical design walkthrough. Physical design maps out the 8051
IR Mechanical
details of the physical design, plans the system Controller
Assembly
Sensor
implementation, devises a test & implementation plan &
specifies any new hardware & software.

The current system for collecting toll is on the basis of To Nail

manual transaction. In this, each vehicle has to stop at the Alarm Assembly
RFID
toll plaza for payment. It causes traffic congestion, increase Reader Indicator
in pollution, and wasting time of people. In Automated Toll
System no need to stop vehicle at toll plaza, it will detect
the RFID tag, which is on vehicle. After detecting RFID
tag, the database on the screen will appear and the
balance from the customers account will get deducted.
Keypad
So there will not be any problem as mentioned above.

Develop a micro simulation model, which reproduces the

operation states of various tollgate systems: waiting time, Fig.4.1 Module Block Diagram:
passing time. With this simulator, we proposed the optimal
operation strategy of highway tollgate by benefit-cost Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a method of
analysis on the basis of benefit in saving total waiting time remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called
and operating cost. RFID tags. An RFID tag is a small object, such as an
adhesive sticker, that can be attached to or incorporated
into a product. RFID tags contain antennae to enable them

457
All Rights Reserved 2013 IJSETR
 ISSN: 2278 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013

to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an from the account. Keypad is used to control the gate and
RFID transceiver. nail position. IR sensor is used to detect whether the
vehicle gone or not to close the gate again and to make
nails down.

What is a GSM Modem?

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a

GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a
dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a
dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed
telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives
data through radio waves.

A GSM modem can be an external device or a PC Card /

PCMCIA Card. Typically, an external GSM modem is
connected to a computer through a serial cable or a USB
cable. A GSM modem in the form of a PC Card / PCMCIA
Fig.4.2 General RFID based Toll Tax Image Card is designed for use with a laptop computer. It should
be inserted into one of the PC Card / PCMCIA Card slots
Microcontroller is used to controlling the process.IR sensor of a laptop computer. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM
is used to detect whether the vehicle gone or not to close modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order
the gate again and to make nails down. The system is to operate. As mentioned in earlier sections of this SMS
connected to a PC using the RS232C interface in the tutorial, computers use AT commands to control modems.
embedded system. This allows the system to read and write Both GSM modems and dial-up modems support a
data from/to a database that is from the account. common set of standard AT commands. You can use a
GSM modem just like a dial-up modem.
From this database send the user update about his balance.
In addition to the standard AT commands, GSM modems
And from that send the reminder on him mobile and
support an extended set of AT commands. These extended
balance update. RS232 is used for serial communication.
AT commands are defined in the GSM standards.
By using RS232 signal is transferred from RFID to pc. An
With the extended AT commands, you can do things like:
RFID tag is installed on each vehicle with read/write
memory. A reader device reads this data when near to toll
system from the vehicle and compares it with the data in Reading, writing and deleting SMS messages.
the computer database, if ID is in defaulter i.e. complaint is Sending SMS messages.
in police station about lost or something for security Monitoring the signal strength.
purpose nails get up so that it will not able to go outside Monitoring the charging status and charge level of
and it will get automatically caught then allows the access the battery.
accordingly by opening the gate. But, ID is not in the Reading, writing and searching phone book
defaulter list, toll collection is taken and nails goes down entries.
and gate get open .The entire system is developed as an
embedded system using micro-controller and associated The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a
devices. The system is connected to a PC using the GSM modem per minute is very low -- only about six to
RS232C interface in the embedded system. This allows the ten SMS messages per minute.
system to read and write data from/to a database that is
458
All Rights Reserved 2013 IJSETR
 ISSN: 2278 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013

V.OPERATION VI. ADVANTAGES

Once the System has been implemented completely then 1. Reduces the man power.
next task is to observe how system is supposed to operate 2. Enables very specific detection of vehicles.
to carry out different operations involved in System. 3. Simultaneous multiple detection of vehicles are possible
using RFID.
When vehicle will cross the sensor which are fixed at some 4. Proximity of loop antenna and tag provides potential for
meter distance from processing unit, Tag will read by RFID increased reliability.
Reader. Sensor may fixed vertically at both sides or at the 5. Saves time and money.
center of road depend upon where the TAG is mounted on 6. Minimizes work stress
vehicle. TAG contains unique identification number. Then
data read by the RFID reader will be taken by
Microcontroller (8051) which will process the data for
authentication of authorized user. VII. DISADVANTAGES

Deduct amount 1. Low frequency results in lower maximum data rate,

Balance although it is fast enough to allow multiple
transmissions to increase reliability.
Vehicles
2. Tag usually requires power from vehicle (active tag).
Details
Information maintained 3. Tag installation is not as convenient as that of a
Database windshield-mounted tag.
4. Moderate difficulty in duplicating tags.

Process
I.D from RFID Taking
Tags
VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Place

Details Designed a system to give complete solution for traffic and

retrieved transport related problems such as Toll gate control, traffic
from signal control, traffic rules violation control, parking
Details displayed to Database management and special zone alert using the latest RFID
user technology. It is proposed as a low cost optimized solution
using RFID and GSM mobile technology.
Fig. 5.1 Detailed of processes working simultaneously
At the toll plaza, there will be a large LCD screen for
If valid user then data will send to processing unit which displaying details of the transaction.
then check the respective account of that user from
At the same time, it will show:
database to ensure weather user have sufficient amount for
toll payment or not. If amount is not sufficient to pay toll 1. Total cost of that road.
then user must have to recharge its account by paying 2. The duration of toll plaza.
manually. If sufficient amount then user is allow to pass by 3. And the remaining balances after each transaction.
iron bar which will rise up with the help mechanical
assembly after receiving the permission signal from
processing unit. If user is not valid then iron bar will
remain down and appropriate action will be taken against
invalid user.

459
All Rights Reserved 2013 IJSETR
 ISSN: 2278 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013

References

[1] Manish Buhptani, Shahram Moradpour, "RFID Field Guide -

Developing Radio Frequency Identification Systems",
Prentice Hall, 2005, pp 7-9, 16-225, 160, 231.
[2] Sewon Oh, Joosang Park, Yongioon Lee, "RFID-based
Middleware System for Automatic Identification", IEEE
International Conference on Service Operations and
Logistics, and Information, 2005.
[3] Shi-Cho Cha Kuan-Ju Huang Hsiang-Meng Chang, " An
Efficient and Flexible Way to Protect Privacy in RFID
Environment with Licenses ", IEEE International Conference
RFID, April 16-17,2008.
[4] Raj Bridgelall, Senior Member, IEEE, " Introducing a Micro-
wireless architecture for Business Activity Sensing ", IEEE
International Conference RFID, April 16-17,2008
[5] Rahman, Rohisyam (2007-07-23). "Case Study: Malaysian
Smart Shelf". http://www.rfid-asia.info/2007/07/case-study-
malaysian-smart-shelf.htm.Retrieved 2007-08-03.\
[6] Hitachi's RFID powder freaks us the heck out". Engadget
http://www.engadget.com/2007/02/14/hitachis-rfid-powder-
freaks-us-the-heck-out. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
[7] Looking Back at the Wal-Mart RFID Time Line". 2009-03-24.
http://www.scdigest.com/assets/On_Target/09-02-23-
1.php?cid=2275.Retrieved 2009-12-03.
[8] N. E. Fenton and S. Pfleeger, Software Testing, Thomson
Asia, 2007.
[9] Urachada Ketprom, Chaichana Mitrpant, Putchapan Lowjun,
Closing Digital Gap on RFID Usage for Better Farm
Management, PICMET 2007, 5-9 August.
[10] Markus Hansen, Sebastian Meissner: Identification and
Tracking of Individuals and Social Networks using the
Electronic Product Code on RFID Tags, IFIP Summer
School, Karlstad, 2007.
[11] Kin Seong Leong, Mun Leng Ng, Member, IEEE, Alfio R.
Grasso, Peter H. Cole, "Synchronization of RFID Readers
for Dense RFID Reader Environments", International
Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops
(SAINTW06), 2005

460
All Rights Reserved 2013 IJSETR