EARTH-SCIENCE-LESSON-1-students-copy

INTRODUCTION
TO
EARTH SCIENCE
WHAT IS EARTH
SCIENCE?
• The study of the Earth and its
neighbour in space.
• The study of the Earth’s structure,
properties, processes, and its
biotic evolution.
WHAT ARE THE
IMPORTANCE OF
STUDYING EARTH
SCIENCE?
• The study of astronomy helps us to better
understand our place in the universe.
• It provides knowledge about the Earth’s
structure and interior.
• Utilization of resources improve the quality
of life.
• Clues found by studying rock have provided
information about the past.
EARTH SCIENCE
IS DIVIDED INTO
FOUR BRANCHES
ASTRONOMY METEOROLOGY
GEOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
ASTRONOMY: THE SCIENCE OF UNIVERSE
STUDY OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE

HEAVENLY BODIES.
METEOROLOGY: SCIENCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
THIS IS A MAP
STUDY OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND HOW
NEPTUNE
PROCESSES
Neptune is the IN THE ATMOSPHERE
farthest planet from
DETERMINES the Sun EARTH’S WEATHER AND
VENUS CLIMATE.
Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s very hot
SATURN
Saturn is the ringed
planet and a gas
giant
GEOLOGY: SCIENCE OF THE EARTH
THIS IS A MAP
DEALS NEPTUNE WITH THE COMPOSITION OF THE
Neptune is the
EARTH MATERIALS,
the Sun
EARTH STRUCTURE,
AND EARTH PORCESSES.
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s very hot
SATURN
planet and a gas
giant
OCEANOGRAPHY: SCIENCE OF THE OCEANS
STUDY OF THE EARTH’S OCEANS – THEIR

COMPOSITION, MOVEMENT, ORGANISMS,
AND PROCESSES.
FORMATION OF
THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE
TO;
Define universe and the solar
system.
Describe the historical
development of the theories
(religious and scientific) that
explain the origin of the universe.
OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO;
Identify the difference between the

various cosmologies that explain the
beginning of the universe.
KEY
CONCEPT
ORIGIN OF…
UNIVERS SOLAR
E SYSTEM
RELIGIOUS SCIENTIFIC ● VORTEX
COSMOLOGY THEORIES THEORY
● ENCOUNTER
● MORMON HYPOTHESIS
● STEADY STATE
COSMOLOGY ● NEBULAR
● BUDDHIST THEORY
THEORY
● BIG BANG
COSMOLOGY
● ISLAMIC THEORY
COSMOLOGY
● HINDU
COSMOLOGY
THE ORIGIN OF
THE UNIVERSE
Universe is all of space and time
and their contents, including
planets, stars, galaxies and all
other forms of matter and energy.
RELIGIOUS
COSMOLOGY
It explains the origin, history,
and evolution of the universe
based on the creation
mythology of a specific
tradition. It includes an act or
process of creation by a
creator. The creator maybe a
deity or a larger pantheon.
MORMON
COSMOLOGY
Believes that there was a
pre-existing or pre-mortal life.
This cosmology also believes
that human spirits are literal
children of heavenly parents.
BUDDHIST
COSMOLOGY
Believes that the
existence of the universe
is dependent upon the
action or karma of its
inhabitants.
ISLAMIC
COSMOLOGY
Believes that the origin
of the universe is created
by God, including Earth’s
physical environment
and human beings.
HINDU
COSMOLOGY
Believes that universe is
created, destroyed, and
reverted in an eternally
repetitive series of
cycles.
SCIENTIFIC
THEORIES
Scientists showed that the
natural world and natural forces govern
the universe. Science gained more
acceptance than religious beliefs
because the former presented
evidences to understand the universe,
whereas the latter only provided
STEADY STATE
THEORY
Ø by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold
and Hermann Bondi in 1948.
Ø proposed that the universe in

unchanging in time and uniform in
space.
1. STEADY STATE
THEORY
Ø by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold
and Hermann Bondi in 1948.
Ø proposed that the universe in

unchanging in time and uniform in
space.
BIG BANG
THEORY
Ø by Georges Lemaitre in 1927
Ø the idea that the universe
began as just a single point, then
expanded and stretched to grow.
Ø is the prevailing cosmological
model of the early development of
the universe.
1. BIG BANG THEORY
the universe.
1. BIG BANG THEORY
the universe.
ORIGIN OF
THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
Solar System is the collection
of eight planets and their
moons in orbit around the sun,
together with smaller bodies in
the form of asteroids,
meteoroids and comets.
THIS IS A MAP
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the
the Sun
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s very hot
SATURN
planet and a gas
giant
In the same way that scientists
explained the origin of the universe
using theories, there were also
theories that were created to explain
the origin of the Solar System.
Some of these theories worked
around the mechanisms involved in
the formation of the universe, while
others used the aid of other celestial
objects to fit an existing theory.
VORTEX
Ø by Rene
THEORY
Descartes, a French
Mathematician and physicist.
Ø proposed that the solar system
formed into bodies with nearly circular
orbits because of the whirlpool-like
motion of the pre-solar materials.
ENCOUNTER
HYPOTHESIS
Ø by George Louis Leclerc
Buffon, a French naturalist in 18th
century.
Ø proposed that the planets were
formed by the collision of the sun
with a giant comet.
NEBULAR
HYPOTHESIS
Ø by Immanuel Kant and
Pierre Simon Laplace.
Ø proposed that a great cloud of
gas and dust called “nebula”
collapse because of
gravitational pull.
ORIGIN OF…
UNIVERS SOLAR
E SYSTEM
RELIGIOUS SCIENTIFIC ● VORTEX
COSMOLOGY THEORIES THEORY
● ENCOUNTER
● MORMON HYPOTHESIS
● STEADY STATE
COSMOLOGY ● NEBULAR
● BUDDHIST THEORY
THEORY
● BIG BANG
COSMOLOGY
● ISLAMIC THEORY
COSMOLOGY
● HINDU
COSMOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION

STUDY OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE

STUDY OF THE EARTH’S OCEANS – THEIR

Identify the difference between the

Ø proposed that the universe in

Ø proposed that the universe in

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