EPWM.pdf

QUANTUM
UNIVERSITY
Presentation on : Impacts of Water pollution
on Biodiversity
Submitted by : Ishak Gauri

Submitted to : Asst.Prof Mohit
Subject : Environmental protection and waste
management Kumar
Department of Computer science
Department of Civil Engineering
Engineering Quantum Quantum University,Roorkee,India
University,Roorkee,India
What is water
pollution?
• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes,
rivers, oceans and groundwater), very often by human activities.
• Any change or modification in the physical, chemical and biological
properties of water that will have a detrimental consequence on living
things is water pollution.
• It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water
bodies without enough treatment to get rid of harmful compounds.
• Pollutants get into water mainly by human causes or factors.
• Water pollution is the second most imperative environmental concern
along with air pollution.
Sources of Water
Pollution
• There are various classifications of water pollution.
• The two chief sources of water pollution can be seen
as
• Point source
• Non-Point source
Point source
Those sources which discharge water pollutants directly into the water are
known as point sources of water pollution.
Oil wells situated near water bodies, factories, power plants, underground
coal mines, etc. are point sources of water pollution.
Non-Point source
Those sources which do not have any specific location for discharging
pollutants, in the water body are known as non-point sources of water
pollution.
Run-offs from agricultural fields, lawns, gardens, construction sites, roads
and streets are some non-point sources of water pollution.

What are the types of water
pollution
Nutrients Pollution
• Some wastewater, fertilizers and sewage contain high levels
of nutrients.
• If they end up in water bodies, they encourage algae and
weed growth in the water.
• This will make the water undrinkable, and even clog filters.
• Too much algae will also use up all the oxygen in the
water, and other water organisms in the water will die out
of oxygen starvation.
Surface water pollution
• Surface water includes natural water found on the earth's
surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans.
• Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface
water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be
called surface water pollution.

Oxygen Depleting
• Water bodies have micro-organisms including aerobic and
anaerobic organisms.
• When to much biodegradable matter end up in water, it
encourages more microorganism growth, and they use up
more oxygen in the water.
• If oxygen is depleted, aerobic organisms die, and anaerobic
organism grow more to produce harmful toxins such as
ammonia and sulfides.
Ground water pollution
• When humans apply pesticides and chemicals to soils, they
are washed deep into the ground by rain water.
• This gets to underground water, causing pollution
underground.
• This means when we dig wells and bore holes to get water
from underground, it needs to be checked for water
pollution.
Chemical Water Pollution
• Many industries and farmers work with chemicals that
end up in water.
• These include chemicals that are used to control weeds,
insects and pests.
• Metals and solvents from industries can pollute water
bodies.
• These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and
may slow their development, make them infertile and kill
them.
Oil Spillage
• Oil spills usually have only a localized effect on
wildlife but can spread for miles.
• The oil can cause the death to many fish and get
stuck to the feathers of seabirds causing them to
lose their ability to fly.
Water pollutants
River, lake and sea water may be polluted in many ways:
• Domestic sewage discharged into rivers from areas located on its banks.
• Industrial wastes effluents from urban areas containing high concentration of oil, heavy metals
and detergents.
• Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and plant remains.
• Radioactive waste from nuclear reactor.
• Excretory wastes of humans and animals in water bodies.

Effects of Water
Pollution
• The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what
chemicals are dumped and in which locations.
• Many water bodies near urban areas are highly polluted.
• This is the result of both garbage dumped by individuals and
dangerous chemicals legally or illegally dumped by
manufacturing industries, health centers, schools and market
places.
Health Effects
• Consumption of polluted water is a major cause
of ill health in India.
• Polluted water causes some of the deadly diseases
like cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, tuberculosis,
jaundice, etc.
• About 80 per cent of stomach diseases in India
are caused by polluted water.
Effect of Nutrients-
Eutrophication
• Water supports aquatic life because of the presence of nutrients in it.
• Excess fertilizers from agricultural fields may mix with surface water and may get
drained into water bodies (surface runoff).
• The enrichment of water with nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates that triggers
the growth of green algae is called eutrophication.
• This fast growth of algae followed by decomposition depletes the water body of its
dissolved oxygen.
• As a result aquatic animals die of oxygen shortage.
Effect of Toxic Pollutants
• Toxic pollutants mainly consist of heavy metals, pesticides and other
individual xenobiotic pollutants.
• Some metals e.g., Mn, Zn and Cu present in trace quantity are important
for life as they help and regulate many physiological functions of the
body.
• Some metals, however, cause severe toxicological effects on human
health and the aquatic ecosystem.

Control of water
• Recycling andpollution
Reuse of water
• Treating industrial effluents before discharging into rivers, separate channels
for river and sewage water
• Avoid contamination of rivers, lakes and ponds by washing clothes, bathing.
etc.
• Not throwing waste, food materials, paper, biodegradable vegetables and
plastic into open drains.

Thank
you

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QUANTUM

Submitted by : Ishak Gauri

known as point sources of water pollution.

coal mines, etc. are point sources of water pollution.

pollutants, in the water body are known as non-point sources of water

Run-offs from agricultural fields, lawns, gardens, construction sites, roads

and streets are some non-point sources of water pollution.

• Surface water includes natural water found on the earth's

surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans.

• Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface

water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be

called surface water pollution.

• Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and plant remains.

• Radioactive waste from nuclear reactor.

• Excretory wastes of humans and animals in water bodies.

individual xenobiotic pollutants.

• Some metals, however, cause severe toxicological effects on human

health and the aquatic ecosystem.

• Treating industrial effluents before discharging into rivers, separate channels

for river and sewage water

• Avoid contamination of rivers, lakes and ponds by washing clothes, bathing.

• Not throwing waste, food materials, paper, biodegradable vegetables and

plastic into open drains.

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