Contraceptive methods updated
Contraceptive methods updated
Contraceptive methods updated
E METHODS
DEFINITION
Physical Chemical
methods methods
I. SPACING METHODS
1. BARRIER METHOD
A.k.a “ occlusive” methods .
Prevent live sperm from meeting the ovum .
Have increased in popularity recently because of certain
contraceptive & non contraceptive advantages .
Protection
Absence of side
of STD
effects a/w
“pill” or IUD
PHYSICAL BARRIER METHOD
1. Condom
Most widely known & used barrier method .
In India better known as NIRODH .
Prevent the semen from being deposited in vagina .
Prevent pregnancy & STDs for both men & women .
Fitted on erect before intercourse .
New one should be used for each sexual act .
Pregnancy rates varing from 2-3 per 100 women years to more
than 14 in typical users .
Manufactured in India by the Hindusthan Latex in Trivandrum .
ADVANTAGES
Light
compact &
Easily disposable
available
Easy to use ,
Provide do not require
protection medical
supervision
against STD
DISADVANTAGES
A vaginal barrier .
Aka “ Dutch cap”.
It is a vaginal shallow cup made of synthetic
rubber or plastic.
Inserted before sexual intercourse & must
remain in place for not less than 6 hrs after
sexual intercourse .
Failure rate with spermicide vary between 6 to
12 per 100 women years .
ADVANTAGES
Almost total absence of risk & medical
contraindication .
DISADVANTAGES
Absolute Relative
1. COMBINED PILL
30 -35 mcg of synthetic oestrogen
(EE) & 0.5-1.0 mg of progestogen
(NG/ LNG/ DG)
Hormonal
LEVONORGESTREL One (0.75 mg) tablet within 72
hrs second one after 12 hrs
or
2 OCPs containing 50 mcg of ETHINYL
ESTRADIOL within 72 hrs same dose after 12hrs
or
MIFEPRISTONE 10 mg once within 72 hrs .
Contraindications:
A. Absolute: Ca Breast & Genitals, Liver d/o, Previous & present h/o Thromboembolism,
undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding
B. Special problems requiring medical surveillance: Age >40y, Age >35y and smoker, Mild
HTN, CKD, Epilepsy & Migraine, Lactating mothers, T2DM, H/O bleeding abnormalities
B. DEPOT METHOD
INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES
Contain LEVONORGESTREL
Hormone slowly absorbed by vaginal
mucosa .
Worn in the vagina for 3 weeks of the
cycle & removed for fourth .
4. POST CONCEPTIONAL METHOD
Menstrual induction
(P/V PGF2α)
Abortion (termination of
pregnancy before the fetus
becomes viable)
II. TERMINAL METHOD :
In India :
85% sterilization of female
15% sterilization of male
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Aka vasectomy
A simple out patient procedure
The vas deferens is isolated &
cut
The two ends are ligated .
Can be performed under local
anaesthesia .
VASECTOMY
FEMALE STERILIZATION :
Part of fallopian tube is removed .
The two ends are tightly ligated .
Can be done as :
1. Minilap operation
2. Laparoscopic sterilization