Langue and Parole1

Langue and parole
Presented by
• Seerat Ahsan (03)
• Kashaf Chaudry
• Unknown
Introduction
Langue and Parole: Both are

What is Linguistics? Who is Ferdinand de
fundamental to
Saussure?
understanding
Langue: Language system communication.
The scientific study of A pivotal figure in linguistic (social).
language. theory.
• Parole: Individual speech
(personal).
Ferdinand de Saussure
Swiss linguist (1857–1913).

Introduction: Known as the “father of modern
linguistics.”
Course in General Linguistics

Key Work: (published posthumously).
Revolutionized language studies.
Synchronic (present state) vs.

Focus: Diachronic (historical evolution)
language studies.
Structuralism in Linguistics
What is Saussure’s
Structuralism?
Analyzes the underlying systems of
Contribution:
Language as a structured system of
language. signs.
Focuses on structure over individual Foundation for understanding Langue
usage. and Parole.
Defining Langue
• Langue Characteristics:
• Collective and shared language system.
• Socially constructed and stable.
• Includes grammar rules, vocabulary, and
norms.
• Examples:
• English grammar rules (e.g., subject-verb
agreement).
• Standard pronunciation norms.
Defining Parole
• Parole Characteristics:
• Individual use of language in speech or
writing.
• Creative, dynamic, and context-dependent.
• Examples:
• Choice of words, slang, or tone.
• Daily conversations or personal writing styles.
Relationship Between Langue and
Parole
Interdependenc Example:
e:
Langue provides a framework for Langue: English grammar enables
communication. sentence formation.
Parole is the practical manifestation of Parole: Saying “I’m studying
Langue. linguistics” applies the rules.
Langue: A Social
Phenomenon
• Characteristics:
• Shared by members of a linguistic community.
• Learned through socialization.
• Example:
• Pluralization rules in English (e.g., adding “-
s”).
Parole: An Individual Act
• Reflects personal expression within Langue
constraints.
• Influenced by personality, emotions, and
context.
• Example:
• Regional accents or unique speech patterns.
Langue and
Parole: An
Analogy
• Analogies for Better
Understanding:
• Chess: Langue is the
rules; Parole is the
moves.
• Music: Langue is the
sheet music; Parole
is the performance.
• Insight:
• Both are essential for
communication.
Langue: Abstract System
Phonemes, syntax, semantics,

Components: and vocabulary.
English Langue dictates Subject-

Example: Verb-Object word order.
Exists independently of individual

Nature: usage.
Parole: Concrete Manifestation
Scope : Examples:
Actual
Conversation
communicati
s, novels, text
on (spoken or
messages.
written).
Examples from Different Languages
Langue:
• Spanish grammar rules (e.g., adjective

agreement).
Parole:
• Variations in spoken Spanish (Spain vs.

Mexico).
Challenges in Distinguishing Langue and
Parole
Innovations in Parole can

Overlapping Nature: eventually influence Langue.
New slang or expressions

Examples: becoming standard language.
Langue and Parole in
Linguistic Analysis
• Key Distinctions:
• Phonetics: Study of actual speech sounds
(Parole).
• Phonology: Study of sound systems (Langue).
• Syntax: Study of structural rules (Langue).
Criticism of
Langue and
Parole
• Critiques:
• Oversimplification of
language systems.
• Post-structuralists
(e.g., Derrida)
question rigid
division.
Langue and Parole in Modern Linguistics
• Applications:
• Sociolinguistics: Social context of
language use.
• Psycholinguistics: Cognitive
processing of language.
• Computational Linguistics:
Differentiating rules and inputs.
Langue, Parole, and Competence
Comparison with Differences:

Chomsky:
Competence = Langue (knowledge). Saussure: Emphasizes social context.
Performance = Parole (use). Chomsky: Focuses on cognitive
processes.
Importance in Semiotics
• Langue:
• System of signs (Signifier + Signified).
• Parole:
• Realization of these signs in communication.
Langue and Parole in Media Studies
Langue:
• Norms of visual and linguistic

communication.
Parole:
• Unique expressions in films, ads, and

memes.
Langue and Parole in
Literature
• Langue:
• Literary conventions (e.g., rhyme, meter).
• Parole:
• Individual author’s style (e.g., stream of
consciousness).
Langue and Parole in Translation Studies
Challenges: Example:
Maintaining
Translating
rhythm and
Parole while
meaning in
preserving
poetry
Langue.
translations
Case Study 1:
English
Language
• Langue:
• Standard grammar
and vocabulary.
• Parole:
• Regional accents
(e.g., US vs UK
English).
Case Study 2:
Specific Dialect
• Analyze Punjabi:
• Langue: Shared
grammar and
vocabulary.
• Parole: Rural vs
urban variations.
Langue and
Parole in
Bilingualism
• Managing two
linguistic systems
(Langue).
• Code-switching as a
form of Parole.
Applications in
Language
Teaching
• Teaching Strategies:
• Use Langue to teach
grammar and
vocabulary.
• Develop Parole
through speaking
and writing
exercises.
Visual
Representation
• Include:
• Flowcharts
connecting Langue
and Parole.
• Saussure’s influence
timeline.

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Langue and parole

Langue and Parole: Both are

Swiss linguist (1857–1913).

Course in General Linguistics

Synchronic (present state) vs.

Phonemes, syntax, semantics,

English Langue dictates Subject-

Exists independently of individual

• Spanish grammar rules (e.g., adjective

• Variations in spoken Spanish (Spain vs.

Innovations in Parole can

New slang or expressions

Comparison with Differences:

• Norms of visual and linguistic

• Unique expressions in films, ads, and

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