Objective structured

practical examination
(OSPE)
Department of Anatomy
Malla Reddy Institute of
medical sciences
QUESTIONS
1. What does the red arrow indicate?
2. Which cranial nerve is involved?
3. What is the first sign of
this condition?
4. What happens due to compression
of crus cerebri?
5. What is Cushing’s triad?

ANSWERS:
6. Uncal herniation
7. 3rd oculomotor nerve
8. Loss of accommodation
9. Hemiparesis.
10. Hypertension, bradycardia and
irregular respiration or apnea
QUESTION
S1. What is the area injured here?
2. What bones are involved in
the formation?
3. What is the structure
runs underneath?
4. What is the effect of the
injury
5. Name the foramen the
structure passes through.

ANSWERS:
6. Pterion
7. Frontal, temporal, parietal and
sphenoid.
8. Frontal branch of middle
meningeal artery
9. Epidural haematoma
10. Foramen spinosum
 QUESTIONS
1. Which layer of the scalp is injured here?
2. Why is the gaping of the wound seen?
3. Name the layers of scalp.
4. What is the dangerous area of the scalp and
why?
5. Name any 3 nerves supplying the scalp

ANSWERS:
1. Galea aponeurotica
2. Due to transverse cut and the pull of frontal and
occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle
3. Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, losse
connective tissue, periosteum
4. 4th layer because infection can potentially spread
from scalp through emissary veins into the
cranial cavity
5. Supra orbital, supra trochlear, zygomatico
temporal, auriculotemporal, greater occipital
lesser occipital.
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. What is the other name for this?
3. What is the etiology?
4. Are these swellings mobile? Why?
5. What is a pilosebaceous unit?

ANSWERS:
1. Sebaceous cysts
2. Wens
3. If the gland or the duct is blocked due to trauma to that area.
4. Yes
5. Hair, hair follicle, arrector pilorum muscle, and sebaceous gland is an epidermal
invagination called pilosebaceous cyst.
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. Clinical features are
3.Position of the eye is
. 4 . Peripheral parasympathetic
ganglion associated here is

5. Nucleus associated with GVE

fibres
ANSWERS:
4. Oculomotor nerve
palsy
5. Loss of accommodation,
Extorsion, depression,
ptosis, mydriasis
6. Down and Out.
7. Ciliary ganglion.
8. Edinger westphal nucleus
 QUESTIONS
1. Name the clinical condition.
2.Where and why is the swelling present here?
3.Nerve supply of Sternocleidomastod
muscle is _.
4. Name symptoms of this condition
5.Name 2 Nerves related to
sternocleidomastod in posterior triangle
ANSWERS:
6. Bezold’s abscess
7.Deep to posterior border of
sternicleidomastod. tracking of pus from
mastoid process due to mastoiditis.
8. Spinal Accessory nerve
9.Pain in premastoid region, dysphagia,
nuchal rigidity, fever
10.Supraclavicular, great auricular, lesser
occipital.
 QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. What is the other name for this syndrome?
3. What are the nerves involved here?
4. Which peripheral parasympathetic ganglion supplies parotid gland?
5. What are the clinical signs and symptoms?
ANSWERS:
6. Frey’s syndrome
7. Baillarger’s syndrome
8. Aberrant reinnervation of postganglionic parasympathetic fibres to nearby denervated sweat
glands and cutaneous blood vessels after parodidectomy.
4. Otic ganglion
5. Sweating and flushing in pre-auricular area in response to mastication or salivary stimulus.
QUESTIONS

1. What is the clinical condition?

2. What are the glands affected?
3. Is it a contagious disease?
4. What are the complications of of
this condition?
5. Signs and symptoms are

ANSWERS:

1. Mumps
2. Parotid gland.
3. Yes
4. Orchitis, pancreatitis,
meningitis, encephalitis
5. Dysphagia, difficulty in
chewing.
QUESTIONS

1. What is the clinical condition

shown?
2. Name few causes of this palsy.
3. Name the clinical signs ?
4. Tongue muscles are derived from
.
5. Where is the hypoglossal nerve
nucleus situated?

ANSWERS:
1. Unilateral hypoglossal
nerve palsy
2. Intracranial space occupying
lesions , trauma, stroke
3. Deviation of the tongue to the
affected side and atrophy of the
muscles
4. Occipital myotomes
5. Medulla oblongata
QUESTIONS
1. Name the clinical condition seen.
2. What is the cause for this condition?
3. What are the clinical signs due to?
4. Name any 3 branches of
subclavian artery.
5. How is the subclavian artery related to
the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

ANSWERS:

1. Subclavian steal syndrome

2. Due to stenosis of subclavian artery there is
retrograde blood flow through the vertebral
arteries
3. Arterial insufficiency afflicting the brain, the
upper extremity.
4. Vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal
thoracic artery, Costocervical trunk, Dorsal
scapular artery
5. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops round the
right subclavian artery where as the left one
loops round the
arch of aorta
 QUESTIONS
1. Identify the clinical condition
2. What is the etiology?
3. Describe the clinical features.
4. Name the palsy associated with this syndrome.
5. What is stellate ganglion?

ANSWERS:
6. Horner’s syndrome
7. Interruption of sympathetic fibres.
8. Ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis, facial flushing, headaches, loss of ciliospinal reflex.
9. Klumpke’s palsy.
10. Stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and
first thoracic sympathetic ganglion.
QUESTIONS

1. What is the picture indicating?

2. Indications
3. Site
4. Lining epithelium of trachea
5. Which membrane is pierced
during the procedure

ANSWERS:
1. Tracheostomy
2. Emergency airway access .
Birth defects of airway. Airway
obstruction.
Decreased clearance of
tracheobronchial secretions and
inefficient oxygen delivery.
3. 3rd and 4th tracheal rings.
4. Lining epithelium is pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium
5. Cricothyroid membrane.
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. What is the cause?
3. What are the signs of increased
intracranial pressure?
4. Name structures draining CSF
into dural venous sinuses.
5. Treatment

ANSWERS:
1. Hydrocephalus
2. Abnormal accumulation of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the
ventricles of the brain.
3. Persistent vomiting, frontal
bossing, dilated scalp veins, and
sun set eye sign.
4. Arachnoid granulations.
5. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.
QUESTIONS
1. What is the picture depicting?
2. Name the numbered structures.
3. Classify the lymphoid organs
1
4. Site of structure at no.3
5. What is the embryological remnant
in no.3
2

3
ANSWERS:
1. Waldeyer’s ring
2. 1) adenoids 2) tubal tonsils 3) platine
tonsils 4) lingual tonsils
3. Primary – thymus , bone marrow
and secondary -
lymphnode, palatine tonsil, MALT, Spleen.
4
4. Between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal
arches.
5. Intratonsillar cleft from second

pouch
QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. Etiology is
3. The nerves involved are
4. Muscles paralysed here are

5. What’s the typical position of this

palsy and the other name for this
position?
ANSWERS:
1. Erb’s palsy
2. Injury to erb’s point I.e., the upper trunk of
brachial plexus
3. C5, C6 roots, anterior posterior divisions of
upper trunk, nerve to subclavius and
suprascapular.
4. Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps,
brachialis, brachiradialis
5. Arms hanging by the side, medically rotated
with forearm extended and pronated,
flexed
wrist. Porter’s tip hand
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. Nerve trunk involved are
.
3. Muscles paralyzed here are
.
4. Clinical signs shown are
ANSWERS:.
5. Klumpke’s
1. What is cervical
palsy rib?
2. Lower trunk of brachial plexus.
3. Intrinsic muscles of hand, flexors
of digits
4. Claw hand, anaesthesia along
inner side of forearm, hand and
little finger
5. It is an extra rib in the neck region
which causes compression of
lower trunk of brachial plexus
against scalenus anterior muscle.
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. What is the muscle involved?
3. What is the other name for this
condition?
4. Characteristics of this disorder
are
.
5. Nerve involved in this
condition.

ANSWERS:
1. Torticollis
2. Sternocleidomastoid.
3. Wry neck
4. Extended and tilting neck on the
affected side with chin pointing
towards the normal.
5. Spinal accessory nerve.
QUESTIONS
1. What does the picture indicate?
2. Which ganglion is involved?
3. Location of the ganglion.
4. What glands are stimulated in
hayfever?
5. Name the nucleus concerned.

ANSWERS:
1. Hay fever
2. Pterygopalatine ganglion
3. Pterygopalatine fossa.
4. Lacrimal, nasal, palatine and
pharyngeal
5. Lacrimatory and superior
salivatory
QUESTIONS
1. Name the clinical condition.
2. Position of the eye.
3. What muscle is involved?
4. Peculiarity related to this nerve?
5. Attempt look down results in
.

ANSWERS:
1. 4th nerve palsy.
2. Up and In.
3. Superior oblique muscle
4. Only cranial nerve emerging
through the dorsal aspect of
brain stem. Complete
decussation occurs with the
nerve of opposite side before
emerging from the brain stem.
5. Vertical diplopia with loss of
balance.
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. Define the condition?
3. Etiology
4. What is cauda equina syndrome ?
5. What is the site of lumbar puncture

ANSWERS:
1. Lordosis
2. Unusually large inward arch in the
lumbar region.
3. Spondylolisthesis, achondroplasia,
osteoporosis.
4. It occurs due to injury to the lower
part of the cauda equina which is
the extension of the lumbar( L4 and
L5) and sacral and coccygeal nerves
beyond the lower end of the spinal
cord
5. Between L3 and L4 vertebrae
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. Etiology is
3. Which vertebra are affected?
4. S
5. D

ANSWERS:
1. Kyphosis
2. Degenerative diseases such as
arthritis, developmental issues,
scheuermann’s disease
3. Thoracic and sacral
QUESTIONS

1. What is this clinical condition?

2. What is the cause?
3. Is it permanent deformity?
4. Which layer id involved?
5. Mention arterial supply of the
scalp

ANSWERS:
6. Capput succedaneum
7. Interference of venous return while
passing through birth canal.
8. No. Subsides on itself in few days.
9. Loose connective tissue.
10. Supra trochlear, supraorbital,
superficial temporal, posterior
auticular, occipital arteries.
QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. What is the extent of the
3. swelling? What is the cause?
4. Which skull bone is commonly
5. related? Name the parts of a flat
bone.
ANSWERS:
1. Cephalohydrocele/
cephalohematoma.
Restrict
2. to the skull bones
Fracture
3. of the skull results in intracranial
hemorrhage which enters the
subaponeurotic space through the
fracture lineduring forceps delivery.
Parietal.
4.
Outer
5. and inner tables with intervening
diploe tissue.
QUESTIONS
1. Name the clinical condition .
2. Location of the structure
involved.
3. Embryological origin of the
structure
4. Mention the arterial supply
of the
structure.
5. Mention its embryological
remnant

ANSWERS:
1. Tonsillitis
2. Between palatoglossal and
palatopharyngeal arches.
3. 2nd pharyngeal pouch
4. Tonsillar branches from facial
artery, lingual artery, ascending
pharyngeal
5. Intra-tonsillar cleft.
QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. What are the signs
and symptoms?
3. Is it familial?
4. Etiology?
5. What are the hormones secreted
by the gland?

ANSWERS:
1. Thyrotoxicosis
2. Goitre, exosphthalmos,
weightloss, nervousness.
3. Yes , majority of the patients have
a family history.
4. Graves disease, Thyroiditis
5. T3, T4, calcotonin
QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. Clinical features of this condition
are
3. Where from the thyroid
gland develops?
4. Parafollicular cells develop
from
.
5. Mention the parts of thyroid
gland.

ANSWER
6. Hypothyroidism
showing goitre
7. Dry skin, hoarse voice, dry
and coarse hair, puffy face
etc.
8. Thyroglossal duct
9. Ultimobranchial body
10. Two lateral lobes connected by
isthmus.
WRIST DROP
a. Identify the picture?
b. Mention the nerve involved in it?
c. Mention the movements possible at wrist joint?
d. Name the muscles producing extension of wrist
joint?
e. Enumerate the muscles supplied by the involved
nerve in hand?

ANSWER
f. Wrist drop
g. Radial nerve
h. Flexion, extension & Adduction, abduction
i. Extensor carpi radialis & extensor carpi ulnaris
j. NIL.
QUESTION ANSWER
S Identify the condition shown in the
a. a. Ulnar claw hand
picture? b. Extension at
b. Describe its position? metacarpophalangeal joint
c. Name the nerve involved in it? and flexion at
d. Which group of intrinsic muscles are Interphalangeal joint
primarily involved in this condition? c. Ulnar nerve
e. Which extrinsic muscle produces d. Lumbricals & Interosseii
extension at metacarpo-phalangeal e. Extensor digitorum muscle
joint?
QUESTION
a) Identify the condition shown in the
picture?
b) Name the nerves involved?
c) Describe the position of the hand?
d) Mention the nerve supply of lumbrical
muscles?
e) Mention the action of lumbrical
muscle?

ANSWER
a) Total claw hand
b) Median & ulnar nerves
c) Extension at the metacorphalngeal
joint & flexion at the interphalangeal
joint
d) Ist & IInd by median nerve IIIrd & IVth
ulnar nerve
e) Flexion at the metacarpophalangeal
joint & Extension
at the interphalangeal
joint
 QUESTION
aS) Identify the condition shown in the marked
area?
b) Paralysis of which muscle leads to this?
c) Mention the attachment of that muscle?
d) What is the nerve supply of the paralyzed
muscle?
e) From which level of the brachial plexus does
that nerve arise?

ANSWER
f) Winging of scapula
g) Serratus anterior muscle
h) Origin – upper eight ribs
Insertion – medial border of costal
surface of scapula
d) Long thoracic nerve of Bell.
e) Root level
 QUESTIONS
a) Identify the condition?
b) Mention any two professions lead to this condition?
c) Name the perforators related to this vein?
d) What are the complications?
e) Name the tests performed to determine the
incompetency of the sapheno – femoral valve &
communicating veins respectively?

ANSWER
f) Varicose veins
g) Teacher & conductor
h) Ankle perforator
Below knee perforator
Mid thigh perforator
i) Pain
Varicose venous ulcer
Pigmentation & itching of the skin
e) To determine the
Incompetency of sapheno – femoral
valve…..Trendelenburg test
Incompetency of communicating vein…….Tourniquet
test
QUESTIONS
a) Identify the picture?
b) Mention the nerve involved in it?
c) Fracture of which bone may lead to injury
of that nerve?
d) What are the movements possible at ankle
joint?
e) At which joint the inversion & eversion
movements occur?

ANSWER
a) Foot drop
b) Common peroneal nerve
c) Fracture neck of Fibula
d) Dorsiflexion & Plantar flexion
e) Subtalar joint
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the defect of vertebral column?
b. Define the condition?
c. Mention the other congenital anomalies
related to the vertebral column?
d. Mention any two acquired conditions of
vertebral column?
e. Name the structure mainly responsible for
primary and secondary vertebral
curvature

ANSWER
f. Kyphosis
g. Excessive posterior curvature of
thoracic
spine
c. Scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis & lordosis
d. Fracture vertebra, disc prolapse and
vertebral abscess
e. Primary curvature – I.V.disc
Secondary curvature – Body of vertebra
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition?
b. What are the other conditions related to the
vertebral column?
c. Mention the normal curvatures of the vertebral
column?
d. Which part of the vertebral column is usually
e. At what age it may occur?

ANSWER
a) Scoliosis
b) Kyphosis, kyphosoliosis, lordosis
c) Primary and Secondary
- Thoracic - Cervical
- Sacrococcygea - Lumbar
l
d) Thoracic part
e) Mostly occur during growth spruts before puberty
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the x-ray?
b. Name the contrast substance used for it?
c. Mention the level of constrictions of the
organ shown?
d. Which cardiac chamber enlargement
causes dysphagia?
e. What is the procedure used to
visualize the
interior of the organ shown in the x-
ray?

ANSWER
a) Barium swallow x -ray
b) Barium sulphate
c) i. Pharyngo esophageal junction
ii. where it is crossed by arch of
aorta
iii. where it is crossed by left
bronchus
iv. where it pierces the diaphragm
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in the marked area?
b. Mention its types?
c. Mention any two cause for it?
d. Clinically how do you diagnose?
e. What is the remedy?

ANSWER
a) Pneumothorax
b) Open, Closed & Tension Pneumothorax
c) Fracture ribs & injury to pleura, Rupture of the
emphysematous bulla
d) Short breath with pain
Resonant note on percussion of the chest wall
e) Removal of air from pleural cavity
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture? a. Pleural effusion/ hydrothorax
b. Name the recesses obliterated by this condition? b. Costophrenic & Cardiophrenic recesses
c. Mention any two common symptoms of it? c. Breathlessness & chest pain
d. Mention the investigations done to diagnose this d. Plain x-ray chest / MRI scan
condition? e. Drainage of fluid, Suitable antibiotics after
e. What is the remedy? culture & sensitivity test
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the picture?
b. How does the coronary artery differ from other
arteries?
c. Through which artery of lower limb the catheter
is passed for this procedure?
d. What is the indication?
e. What is the remedy?

ANSWER
a) Coronary angiogram
b) Coronary arteries are filled during diastole
whereas other arteries are filled during systole
c) Femoral artery
d) Coronary vessel block, Ischemia
e) Ischemia – coronary vasodilators
Block – coronary bypass
surgery
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the sign shown in the marked
area?
b. Mention the portal & systemic veins
anastomose at this site?
c. Name the condition producing this
sign?
d. Name the liver disease causing this
condition?
e. What is this the commonest drug
responsible for it?

ANSWER
a. Caput medusae
b. Paraumbilical veins (portal ) & veins
of anterior abdominal wall (systemic)
c. Portal hypertension
d. Cirrhosis of liver
e. Alcohol
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the picture?
b. Mention its types?
c. Which clinical test is performed to
differentiate the main types?
d. Mention the treatment?
e. How do you prevent it?

ANSWER
a. Inguinal hernia
b. Direct and indirect inguinal hernia
c. Ring occlusion test
d. Surgical treatment-----Herniotomy,
Hernioraphy, Hernioplasty
e. Avoid stress and strain and
physical activity which increases
the intra abdominal pressure.
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the X– ray? a. Intra – venous
b. Name the dye used for it? pyelogram
b. Conray – 420
c. What are the structures can be studied by c. Calyces, pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder
this X– ray? d. Urinary stones & stricture
d. What are the indications? e. Renal failure
e. What are the contraindications?
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the X–ray?
b. Name the substance used for it?
c. Name the parts of G-I tract visible?
d. Mention any two conditions associated with
colon?
e. Which of its gross feature can be identified
radiologically?

ANSWER
a. Barium meal X – ray (late
picture)
b. Barium sulphate
c. Terminal part of small intestine, ascending,
transverse, descending colon & rectum
d. Tumour & stricture
e. Haustrations / sacculations
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the X–ray? a. Barium meal X-
b. Name the contrast medium used in it? rayBarium sulphate
b.
c. Why do you prefer that contrast substance? c. Non toxic & Radio opaque
d. What are the indications for this investigation? d. To study – Ulcers & tumors & diverticulum of
e. How do you identify the small &large intestine G.I tract
by this X – ray? e. Small intestine – feathery
appearance Large intestine –
sacculations
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the procedure shown in the picture? a. Episiotomy
b. Mention its types? b. Median episiotomy & mediolateral episiotomy
c. Which anesthesia is given for it? c. Pudental block
d. Mention the complications avoided by this d. Perineal body rupture & recto vaginal fistula
procedure? e. In primiparous woman
e. For whom it is done routinely?
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the picture?
b. Which position of the uterus prevents this
condition?
c. Which position of the uterus promotes this
condition?
d. Mention the Ligamentous support of the
organ?
e. How do you treat this condition?

ANSWER
a. Prolapse of uterus
b. Anteversion & Anteflexion
c. Retroversion & Retroflexion
d. Round ligament, Mackenrodt’s ligament,
Pubocervical and utero sacral ligaments
e. Surgical – Hysterectomy /
Hysterosalphingectomy
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the X – ray? a. Hysterosalphingogram
b. What contrast medium is used for this b. Lipiodol
procedure? c. Colposcope
c. Name the instrument used to dilate the d. Bicornis bicolis / bicornis unicolis / unicornis
vagina?
unicolis, septate uterus, arcuate uterus
d. Mention any two congenital anomalies of the
e. Sterility ( to confirm the luminal patency )
organ concerned?
e. What is the indication for this X- ray?
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the picture? a. Phymosis
b. Name the other condition related to the prepuce? b. Paraphymosis
c. What are the complications of this condition? c. Urinary tract infection,Smegma collection, P
d. What is the remedy? cancerous lesion
e. In which religion the prepuce is removed as a d. Circumcision
social custom? e. Muslims
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in
the picture?
b. Name the condition opposite to
this?
c. Mention its complications?
d. What is circumcision?
e. Which disease is uncommon in
circumcised penis?

ANSWER
f. Paraphymosis
g. Phymosis
h. Pain, oedema and infection
i. Removal of prepuce around the
glans penis
j. Cancer penis
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the marked area in the
picture?
b. When does it close?
c. What do you suspect in delayed
closure?
d. What does it indicate the
bulging
& depression of marked area?
e. Which dural venous sinus and
ventricle can be approached
through that area?

ANSWER
a. 1Anterior
b. ½ - 2 years fontanelle
c.Vitamin – D deficiency d.
Bulging – raised intracranial
pressure
Depression – dehydration
e. Superior Sagittal sinus
Lateral ventricle
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition?
b. Name the nerve involved
in it?
c. Mention the type of
lesion?
d. Mention its
features?
e. What is the cause of
Ramsay hunt syndrome?

ANSWER
b. Facial
a. Bell’snerve
palsy
c.LMN (lower motor neuron) type of lesion d.
– Absence of wrinkles in the fore head
– Inability to close the eye tightly
– Absence of nasolabial fold
on the paralyzed side
– Drooling of saliva & collection of food
– Inability of hold the air in th©eDmepoautrtmhenctaovfiAtyna
e. It is due involvement of geniculate gangMlioednciaolfCofael cgiae.l nerve in Herpes Zoster infection.
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the defect shown in the marked area of the
picture?
b. Name the structures forming the septum?
c. Mention the blood supply & nerve supply of the septum?
d. What are the symptoms of the above condition in severe
cases?
e. What is the surgical intervention?

ANSWER
a. Deviated nasal
septum
b. (i) perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
(ii) vomer
(iii) septal cartilage

c. Blood supply Nerve supply

- ethmoidal arteries - Anterior ethmoidal nerve
-Sphenopalatine artery - Nasopalatine nerve
-Greater palatine artery
- Superior palatine artery

d. Difficulty in breathing, sinusitis, headache, excessive snoring.

e. Corrected by submucous resection(SMR) or MSeedpitcoalpCloalsel tgye.
QUESTION
S Identify the symptom shown in the picture?
a.
b. From which area of the nasal septum this
bleeding occurs?
c. Name the arteries anastomosing at this site?
d. What is the clinical term for the
anastomosis at this site?
e. Mention the commonest cause
for this
symptom in children & adult?

ANSWER
a.
b. Epistaxis
Antero inferior part of nasal septum /
Little’s area.
c. Ethmoidal, palatine and septal arteries
d.Kiesselbachs’s plexus. e.
In children - nose picking
In adult – hypertension
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the gland related to the marked area?
b. Where does its duct open?
c. Which nerve may be injured during its surgical
procedure?
d. Mention any two conditions related to this
gland?
e. What is the importance of Patey’s faciovenous
plane?

ANSWER

a. Parotid gland
b. Vestibule of the mouth opposite to the upper
second molar tooth.
c. Facial nerve
d. Parotiditis, parotid abscess, mumps, parotid
tumours , Frey’s syndrome
e. Patey’s faciovenous plane helps the surgeon to
remove the parotid tumor without damaging the
facial nerve.
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition?
b. Mention its alternate nomenclature?
c. Which layer of the scalp injury lead to this?
d. What is the special name given to that layer?
e. Mention the attachment of frontal belly of
occipitofrontal.

ANSWER
a. Black eye
b. Periorbital Echymosis
c. Loose areolar tissue layer
d. Dangerous layer of scalp
e. No bony attachment, attached with skin & fascia
of forehead
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the eye defect shown in the
marked side?
b. Paralysis of which muscle leads to this
condition?
c. Name the extra ocular muscles?
d. What is their nerve supply?
e. What is the origin and insertion of the involved
muscle(s)
ANSWER
a. Lateral squint / lateral
strabismus
b. Medial rectus
c. Four recti muscles and Two oblique muscles
d. All are supplied by oculomotor nerve (3rd nerve)
Except Lateral rectus (6th
nerve) & Superior oblique (4th nerve)
e. Origin – common tendinous ring Insertion
– into the sclera, 5mm
posterior
junction)to the limbus(corneosc©leDreapla
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the defect in the marked eye?
b. Which muscle paralysis leads to this?
c. What is the nerve supply of the
paralyzed muscle?
d. Name the muscle responsible for closure
& opening of eye lids?
e. What is the location of the nucleus of the
involved nerve?

ANSWER
a. Medial squint / strabismus
b. Lateral rectus
c.Abducent nerve (6th cranial nerve) d.
Closure of eyelid – Orbicularis occuli
Opening of eyelid – Levator palpebrae
superiors
e. Caudal part of the pons, medial to sulcus
limitans.
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture?
b. How do you confirm it?
c. How does it develop?
d. What other condition closely related to it?
e. How do you differentiate it from branchial cyst?

ANSWER
f. Thyroglossal cyst
g. Location(mid line swelling) & Moves with
deglutition
h. Non obliteration of thyroglossal duct
i. Thyroglossal fistula
j. Branchial cyst is a lateral swelling related to
the
anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
muscle.
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the position of the vocal cords in the a. Adduction and Abduction of
Picture 1 & 2 ? vocal cords
b. Which membrane of larynx forms the vocal b. Cricovocal membrane
cord? c. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
c. Which muscle produces abduction of
d. Vocal cord palsy, Singer’s nodule
vocal
e. Fissure between the vocal cords
cord?
d. Name any two conditions related to the vocal
cord?
e. What is Rima glottidis?

1 2
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the marked area in the picture ?
b.Mention it complications? c.
Which vessel damage to this
leads
condition ?
d. What
Name thearemeningeal spaces? of the
the contents
e. spinal epidural space?

ANSWER
a. Extra dural hematoma
b. Middle meningeal vessels
c. Extradural, subdural
and subarachnoid spaces
d. Vertebral venous plexus & Pad of
fat
e. Compression & lesion of
the
underlying area
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown the picture?
b. Name the commonest sex and joint involved?
c. Describe its position?
d. What are its complications?
e. What is the remedy?

ANSWER
a. Club foot / Talipus
equinovarus
b. Sex -male
joint -subtalar joint

c. Ankle -plantar flexed

Foot -inverted
Fore foot -adducted

d. Shortness
of limb of muscles, Tendon and ligaments with
Tightness
painful walking

e. Surgical correction
QUESTIONS
ANSWER
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture
a. Undescended testis /
b. From which germinal layer the gonads develop b. Intermediate mesoderm
Cryptorchidism
c. Gubernaculum,Foetal testosterone, Intra
c. Mention any two factors that help in the descent
abdominal pressure & High intra abdominal
of testis temperature
d. What are the complications of undescended testis d. Sterility& Tumours
e. Trans abdominal phase
e. What are the stages of descent of testis
Inguino-scrotal phase
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the picture?
b. Name the fetal membrane
covering the contents?
c. What is physiological
umbilical hernia?
d. When does physiological
hernia disappear?
e. How do you differentiate this
condition from acquired
umbilical hernia?

ANSWER
a. Omphalocele / Exomphalos / Congenital umbilical
hernia
b. Amnion
c. Temporary protrusion of the abdominal contents outside the abdominal cavity.
d. After tenth week of intra uterine life.
e. Acquired umbilical hernia --- Appe©arsDeapfatrem
t rebnitrothfA

f. The contents Maerdecicaol Cvoelrel egde.by skin

QUESTIONS
a. Identify the anomaly in the picture?
b. Name the processes forming the upper lip?
c. What will be the associated defect with this
condition?
d. Mention the complication of this condition?
e. What is the treatment?

ANSWER
a. Cleft upper lip
b. Maxillary process & fronto nasal process
c. Cleft plate
d. Difficulty in deglutition & speech
e. Surgical correction
QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the picture? a. Meningocele
b. What does it contain? b. C.S.F
c. Mention the vertebral defect associated with it?
c. Spina bifida
d. Name the other condition related to it?
e. Mention its complications? d. Meningomyelocele
e. Injuries to meninges and spinal cord
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the anomaly shown the picture?
b. How does it occur?
c. Mention its features?
d. How do you diagnose antenatally?
e. How do you prevent it?

ANSWER
a. Anencephaly / exencephaly
b. Non closure of anterior neuropore
c. Absence of cranial vault
Exposed & malformed brain
Absence of swallowing reflex
d. Hydramnios & Estimation of
alpha fetoprotein
e. Antenatal administration of
folic acid tablets
QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture?
b. Mention its chromosomal anomaly?
c. What is the predisposing factor?
d. Mention its features?
e. What are the prenatal diagnostic tests?

ANSWER
a. DOWN’S SYNDROME
b. 47 chromosomes ( Trisomy 21)
c. Non - disjunction of 21st pair of chromosome
d. Mental retardation
 Short stature
 Constantly open mouth with protruded tongue
 Simian crease
 Cardiac defects (V.S.D)
e. Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus biopsy
non-invasive prenatal testing
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture?
b. Mention its chromosomal complement?
c. What is the reason for the above chromosomal
defect?
d. What is the phenotype?
e. Mention any four of its manifestions?

ANSWER
a) Klinefelter syndrome
b) 47 – xxy
c) Male
d) Non disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis.
e) – Tall stature with disproportionately long lower
limbs
a. Gynaecomastia
b. Scanty growth of hair
c. Underdeveloped male secondary sexual
characters
f) Infertility
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus,
metabolic syndrome
Increased risk of breast cancer.
QUESTIONS
1.Identify the condition?
2.Name the nerve involved in it?
3.Mention the type of lesion?
4.Mention its features?
ANSWER
5.Bell’s palsy
6.Facial nerve
7.LMN (lower motor neuron) type of lesion
– Absence of wrinkles in the fore head
– Inability to close the eye tightly
– Absence of naso - labial fold on the paralyzed side
– Drooling of saliva & collection of food
– Inability of hold the air in the mouth cavity
QUESTIONS
Identify the condition?
What are the other conditions
related to the vertebral column?
Mention the normal curvatures of
the vertebral column?

ANSWER
•Scoliosis
•Kyphosis, kyphosoliosis, lordosis
•Primary and Secondary
- Thoracic - Cervical
- Sacrococcygeal - Lumbar
QUESTIONS
Identify the condition shown in the picture?
Mention its cause?
Which muscle is involved in it?
Mention its alternate nomenclature?
What is the remedy?

ANSWER
WRY neck
i. Trauma. ii. Muscle spasm. iii. Vascular
defect
Sternocleido mastoid muscle
Torticolis
Treatment of cause &Physiotheraphy
QUESTIONS
Identify the condition shown in the picture?
Mention the cause for it?
Mention the nerve roots involved in it?
Name the position adapted by the upper limb?
Describe the position of upper limb?

ANSWER
Erb’s palsy
Birth injury, Fall on shoulder
C5 and C6
Waiter’s tip position.
Arm – adducted
Forearm – slightly flexed and semi pronated
Wrist – flexed
Fingers – flexed