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    ROCKS_084451

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Pajora

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ROCKS_084451

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Pajora
    10 views22 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views22 pages

    ROCKS_084451

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Pajora

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    ROCKS

    ROCKS
    IS NATURALLY OCCURING SOLID
    AGGREGATE OF ONE OR MORE
    MINERALS.
    GRAINS CAN BE DIFFERENT IN
    COLOR,TEXTURE, AND SIZES.
    PETROLOGY
     SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF
    ROCKS.
    PETROLOGISTS
     PERSON WHO STUDY
    ROCKS.
    THREE TYPES OF ROCKS
    IGNEOUS ROCKS
     FORMED FROM HARDENING
    AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF
    MAGMA OR MOLTEN MATERIALS
    THAT ORIGINATES DEEP WITHIN
    THE EARTH.
    TWO TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:

    1.INTRUSIVE/PLUTONIC
     IT COOLS SLOWLY BENEATH THE
    EARTH SURFACE AND CREATED BY
    MAGMA. THE INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
    ROCKS HAVE VERY LARGE CRYSTALS
    ( COARSE-GRAINED).
    2. EXTRUSIVE/VOLCANIC ROCK
    FORMS WHEN MAGMA MAKES IT WAY
    TO EARTH’S SURFACE AS LAVA AND
    THEN COOLS. THE CRYSTAL ARE VERY
    SMALL (FINE-GRAINED) SINCE THE
    COOLING PROCESS IS FAST.
    IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON:
    1.COMPOSITION – REFERS TO ROCK’S MINERAL AND
    CHEMICAL MAKE-UP.
    A.FELSIC – IGNEOUS ROCKS THAT ARE LIGHT
    COLORS.
    B.MAFIC – DARK-COLORED IGNEOUS ROCKS MADE
    UP OF MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, AND IRON.
    C.INTERMEDIATE – REFERS TO IGNEOUS ROCKS
    BETWEEN MAFIC AND FELSIC COMPOSITION.
    D.ULTRAMAFIC – DENOTES IGNEOUS ROCKS THAT
    COMPOSED CHIEFLY OF MAFIC MINERALS.
    2. TEXTURE – OVERALL APPEARANCE OF A
    ROCK BASED ON THE SIZE, SHAPE, AND
    ARRANGEMENT OF INTERLOCKING
    MINERALS CRYSTALS.
    A. APHANISTIC – FINE-GRAINED ROCKS
    WITH CRYSTAL SEEN BY AID OF
    MICROSCOPE.
    B. PHANERITIC – COARSE – GRAINED
    ROCKS.
    C. PORPHYRITIC – LARGE CRYSTALS WITH
    SMALL CRYSTALS.
    D. GLASSY – A ROCK THAT LOOKS LIKE
    COLORED GLASS WITH NO VISIBLE MINERAL
    CRYSTAL.
    E. PYROCLASTIC – RESULTS FROM EXPLOSIVE
    FRAGMENTATION OF VOLCANIC MATERIAL.
    EXAMPLES: OBSIDIAN, PUMICE, BASALT,
    GRANITE, DIORITE, GABBRO
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS
     FORMED FROM PRE-EXISTING
    ROCKS: EITHER METAMORPHIC,
    IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY OR
    OTHER METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    THAT HAVE BEEN ALTERED BY
    AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM.
    EXAMPLES: QUARTZITE, MARBLE,
    SLATE, PHYLLITE
    METAMORPHISM
     TRANSFORMATION OF ONE ROCK TYPE
    INTO ANOTHER.
    TWO TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
    1. REGIONAL – DUE TO CHANGES IN
    PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OVER
    LARGE REGION OF THE CRUST. IT MAY
    HAPPENED WHEN ROCK IS BURRIED DEEP
    BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.
    2. CONTACT – THE ROCKS MINERALS AND
    TEXTURES ARE CHANGED MAINLY BY HEAT
    DUE TO CONTACT WITH MAGMA.

    CLASSIFICATION:
    1. TEXTURE – REFERS TO THE SIZE
    ARRANGEMENT AND GRAINS
    WITHIN THE ROCK.
    A. FOLIATED ROCKS – CAN BE
    ARRANGED IN TERMS OF
    INCREASING METAMORPHISM, AND
    IT APPEARED LAYERED OR BANDED
    WITH COMPRESSES MINERALS.
    EXAMPLE : MICA

    B. NON- FOLIATED ROCKS – USUALLY


    MADE UP OF ONLY FEW MINERALS.
    SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
     PROVIDES INFORMATION
    ABOUT SURFACE
    CONDITIONS THAT
    EXISTED IN THE EARTH’S
    PAST.
    PARTICLES OF SAND, SHELLS, PEBBLES,
    AND OTHER FRAGMENTS OF MATERIALS
    CALLED SEDIMENTS, ACCUMULATE IN
    LAYERS AND OVER LONG PERIOD OF
    TIME HARDEN INTO ROCKS.

    COMPACTION-DUE TO INCREASE OF
    PRESSURE OF LAYERED SEDIMENTS IT
    BIND TOGETHER TO FORM THE
    SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.
    THREE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
    A.CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK – FORMED FROM
    ACCUMULATION OF CLAST: LITTLE PIECES OF
    BROKEN ROCKS AND SHELLS.
    EXAMPLES: CONGLOMERATE, BRECCIA,
    SANDSTONE, SHALE
    B. CHEMICAL – FORMED WHEN DISSOLVED
    MINERALS PRECIPITATE FROM SOLUTION.
    EXAMPLE: HALITE – FORMED WHEN BODY OF
    SEAWATER BECOMES CLOSED OFF AND
    EVAPORATES.
    C.ORGANIC – ROCKS FORMED FROM
    THE ACCUMULATION OF AN ANIMAL
    DEBRIS.
    EXAMPLE: COAL- COMPOSED OF
    ORGANIC MATTER IN THE FORM OF
    PLANTS FRAGMENTS.

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