10373919

PLASTERING AND POINTING
Building Construction
By
Engr. Waqas Akhtar
[email protected]
Objects of platering:
Plastering is done to achieve the following objects
1.To protect the external surfaces against
penetration of rain water and other atmospheric
agencies
2.To give smooth surface in which dust and dirt
cannot lodge
3.To give decorative effect
4.To protect surfaces against vermin.
5.To conceal inferior materials or defective
workmanship
Requirements of good plaster:
It should adhere to the background and should
remain adhered during all variations of the
climatic changes.
It should be cheap and economical
It should be hard and durable.
It should be possible to apply it during all
weather conditions
It should be effectively check the entry or
penetration of moisture from the surface
It should possess good workability
Types of Plaster
1. Sand faced plaste
• The first coat of sand faced cement plaster is done with
cement mortar in 1:4 with coarse sand after curing the
plaster for seven days the second coat of cement plaster
1:3 ratio will be done on the first coat.
• Sponge is used in the second coat and it is applied when
the second coat is wet, it is thus worked that the density of
sand grain appear on surface is equal and uniform.
• The surface is kept well watered at least for 15 days.
2. Rough Cast Plaster
• This plaster is a mixture of sand and gravel in
specified proportion dashed over a freshly
plastered surface.
• The plaster base consists of two coats, under layer
12 mm thick and top layer 10 mm thick having the
cement mortar ratio 1:3.
• In order to make the base more plastic, about 10%
of hydrated lime by volume of cement shall be
added while prepare mortar.
3. Depeter Plaster:
• This is just another form of rough cast finish.
• The rendering coat of 12 mm thick is prepared as in
case of pebbled dash finish.
• While this coat is wet, pieces of gravel are pressed
with hand on the surface.
• Thus it is possible to have beautiful patterns and
ornamental designs on the surface by selecting
materials of different colors.
4.Pebbled dash plaster
• It is similar to rough cast finish
except clean pebble of size from 6 mm
to 12.5 mm are dashed against the
surface so that there are laid in
position by mortar applied already.
5. Smooth cast plaster or plain face
plaster
• This finish is just similar to sand
faced finish except fine grained sand
is used instead of coarse sand.
• No sponging is done to expose the
sand grain .
• It is normally done on internal walls.
Defects in Plaster
• The following defects may arise in plaster work.
• Blistering of plastered surface: This
is the formation of small patches of plaster
swelling out beyond the plastered surface,
arising out of late slaking of lime particles in the
plaster.
Cracking:
• Cracking consists of formation of cracks or fissures in
the plaster work resulting from the following reasons.
– Imperfect preparation of background
– Structural defects in building
– Discontinuity of surface
– Movements in the background due to its thermal expansion
or rapid drying
– Movements in the plaster surface itself, either due to
expansion or shrinkage.
– Excessive shrinkage due to application of thick coat
– Faulty workmanship.
Effloresence
• It is the whitish crystalline substance which
appears on the surface due to presence of salts in
plaster making materials as well as building
materials like bricks, sand, cement etc and even
water.
• This gives a very bad appearance. It affects the
adhesion of paint with wall surface.
• Efflorescence can be removed to some extent by
dry bushing and washing the surface repeatedly.
• Flaking : It is the formation of very
loose mass of plastered surface, due to
poor bond between successive coats.
• Peeling: It is the complete dislocation
of some portion of plastered surface,
resulting in the formation of a patch. This
also results from imperfect bond.
• Popping: It is the formation of conical
hole in the plastered surface due to
presence of some particles which expand
on setting
• Rust Stains: These are sometimes
formed when plaster is applied on metal
laths
• Uneven surface: This is obtained
purely due to poor workman ship.
Pointing
• Finishing of mortar joints in masonry.
• In exposed masonry joints are
weakest parts.
• Pointing consists of raking of joints to
a depth of 10 to 20 mm.
Types of pointing
1. Flush Pointing
• Flush pointing The pointing may be level
as in flush pointing, which is made by
wiping over the finished pointing with
the trowel or piece of rough cloth.
• Does not give good appearance.
• But it is durable as it does not provide
any space for accumulation of dust,
water etc
2. Keyed or grooved pointing
• In this type mortar is first up flush with
the face if wall.
• A semi circular notch is formed by a tool
know as pointer.
• This type of pointing gives as attractive
appearance to the surface.
• This type is mostly used for superior type
work, particularly for vertical joints of
walls.
3.Recessed pointing
• Recessed joints are not suitable for
buildings in exposed situations because
they do not readily shed water.
• This is done by pressing mortar back from
edges by 5 mm or more.
• Face of pointing is kept vertical.
• Only bricks with good frost resistance
should be used with recessed joints.
• Gives good appearance.
4. Weathered Pointing
• V’ shaped projections are made.
5. V pointing or bucket handle
• Formed by forming a ‘V’ groove.
6. Beaded pointing
• Formed by steel like iron edge or
concave edge.
• Gives food appearance but liable
to damage easily.
7. Tuck pointing
• Groove of 5 mm width and 3 mm
depth is prepared.
• It is filled with white cement or
putty.
8. Struck pointing
• Face of pointing is kept inclined
• Upper edge pressed inside face
by 10 mm
The End

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PLASTERING AND POINTING

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