Caleb's Siwes Presentation

AN
ORAL PRESENTATION
ON
STUDENT’S INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT
THE DEPARTMENT OF POLLUTION CONTROL &
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, MAITAMA, ABUJA.
BY
EMMANUEL CHINEDU CALEB
(2020724017)
December 2024
ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND
The Federal Ministry of Environment was initially established as a free standing Ministry in 1999 with the erstwhile
Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) as its nucleus, before 1999, the functions of the Ministry were
fragmented under various bodies such as the Natural Resources Conservation Council (NRCC), Federal Ministry of
Works and Federal Ministry of Housing and Environment. With the rationalization of MDAs at the end of 2006,
Environment, Housing and Urban Development were merged into one Ministry, however in order to ensure that
environmental issues were adequately mainstreamed into all developmental activities including the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) and the Nigeria vision 20:2020, the Ministry was again, in 2008 exercised from the
Federal Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development and given a full fledge Ministerial status known as the
Federal Ministry of Environment.
Since its re-establishment, the Ministry has raised the issue of Environmental consciousness in the minds of citizens
and also strived to enforce global environmental best practices in Nigeria. We have equally focused on evolving
innovative strategies that emphasis the use of environmental re-engineering as a veritable tool for poverty
eradications, employment generations, food security, sustainable socio-economic development and general
improvement in the livelihood of the Nigeria populace.
ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND
MISSION STATEMENT MANDATE VISION STATEMENT
 To ensure environmental  Securing a quality environment  To be a Nation that

conducive for good health and
protection, natural wellbeing of fauna and flora. develops harmony with its
 Promoting sustainable use of natural
resources conservation and resources. Environment.
sustainable development.  Restoring and maintaining the

ecosystem, ecological process and
preserve biodiversity.
 Raising public awareness and
promoting understanding of linkages of
the environment.
 Cooperating with relevant MDAs, the
private sector, NGOs, and International
organizations on environmental
matters.
THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT ORGANOGRAM
THE FIELD TRIP TO THE USUMA LOWER DAM WATER TREATMENT PLANT (LUD)
THE FIELD TRIP TO THE USUMA LOWER DAM WATER TREATMENT PLANT (LUD) CONTD.
PURPOSE OF LOWER USUMA DAM TREATMENT PLANT
 Due to the urgent plan to build water dams to meet the water needs of the population of the new territory when
the FCT was relocated from Lagos to Abuja on February 3, 1976. Lower Usuma Dam was built in 1982; 26
kilometers from the heart of Abuja along the Dutse-Bwari road and 10 kilometers from Bwari, in response to
the FCT authorities' major task of providing infrastructure, most particularly water, for this vast population.
The Water and Sewage Division of the Engineering Department of the Federal Capital Territory oversaw the
Lower Usuma Dam and the treatment facility when they were put into service in 1986.
 Four water plants make up the Lower Usuma Dam treatment facility. With a capacity of 240 million liters per
day, Phases 1 and 2 were built by General Ibrahim Badamusi in 1989, but due to population expansion, the
Federal Capital Territory's water supply became insufficient, prompting the building of Phases 3 and 4, the
third and fourth plants, respectively.
 President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan built Phases 3 and 4 in 2011, and they can produce 480 million liters of
water per day. The new treatment facilities were built as part of FCTWB's endeavor to upgrade water
infrastructure and fulfill the rising territory's population's need for potable water, which was anticipated to
increase from five to ten million by 2018.
THE FIELD TRIP TO THE USUMA LOWER DAM WATER TREATMENT PLANT (LUD) CONTD.
STAGES IN WATER TREATMENT

The five different types of water samples go through five (5) different phases or processes during the water
treatment process. They consist of;
• RAW WATER STAGES OR SAMPLE: This is untreated, natural water from a dam. At this point, it is tainted
with contaminants and has a distinctive dark color and smell.
• AERATED WATER OR SAMPLE: This water has been exposed to air, increasing the amount of oxygen it is
saturated with. At this point, oxygen from the air reacts with divalent and trivalent elements found in
the water.
• CLARIFIED WATER STAGES OR SAMPLE: These steps involve the removal of the dissolved organic matter
that can coagulate, as well as the mineral and organic suspended particles.
• FILTER WATER STAGES OR SAMPLE: Water is forced through granular material beds (such as sand or
gravel), which removes suspended particles including flocs, bacteria, algae, silt, etc.
• TREATED WATER STAGE OR SAMPLE: Water that has been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected is
referred to as treated water.
STAGES IN WATER TREATMENT CONTD.
 Aeration: Aeration is a water treatment method that entails the introduction of air into water to
achieve diverse goals, including the removal of undesirable gases, facilitating the oxidation of
specific substances, and enhancing overall water quality. This results in an improvement in water
quality by reducing odor, taste, and color. This process finds wide spread application in both
drinking water treatment
Coagulation: -Coagulation in water treatment is a crucial process involving the

addition of chemicals to destabilize and aggregate fine particles suspended in water.
This forms larger particles, aiding their removal through settling or filtration.
 Flocculation: Flocculation in water treatment is the process of bringing together Destabilized
particles formed during coagulation into larger, settleable masses called flocs. This aids in the
formation of larger and heavier particles, facilitating their removal through sedimentation or
filtration, contributing to the overall clarification of water
 Sedimentation: Sedimentation in water treatment is a process where suspended Particles in water
settle to the bottom of a container, allowing for their removal. After Coagulation and flocculation,
the water is left undisturbed, enabling particles to settle Due to gravity.
 Filtration: In the Filtration Chamber, the type of filter used in the Lower Usuma dam is called the
Rapid sand filter and the medium of filtration is sand. The clarified water flows into the filtration
chamber and the filtration process involves the removal of suspended fine particles in the water
which remain after coagulation and flocculation, by passing the clarified water through sand filter
beds and nozzles. The process applied the principle of adsorption of micro-impurities to the
surface of sand particles and absorption of water through the filter media (sand).
 Disinfection: Chlorine is applied at this stage to kill bacteria in the water.
 Storage and Distribution: Water is transported from the various treatment processes by gravity.
Treated water is transported to the storage tanks strategically located on the hills surrounding the
federal capital territory and suburbs for final distributions to consumers through 41km steel pipe
with a diameter of 1.5m by the force of gravity. Water from the source (USUMA DAM) is
distributed through enormous pipes to their various destinations once it has passed through all
these phases and meets the safety standards established by Nigeria and the WHO.
GLOBAL HANDWASHING DAY 2024
 The Global Hand Washing which is an annual event that

takes place on October 15 to raise awareness about the
importance of washing hands with soap and water.
 The 2024 theme was “ Why are clean hands still
important?”
 In the FCT we demonstrated with fliers and placards
marching from the Ministry to Garki International market,
where we sensitized traders and buyers on the importance of
keeping the hands clean.
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED
 The disruption in the school calendar posed a significant challenge to the training duration. The lag in our previous
academic calendar left insufficient time to cover essential aspects during our training period.
 Transportation emerged as a persistent issue during our training, requiring us to navigate through high transportation costs
to reach our destinations. Including how I and my colleagues contributed huge amount of monies for our various field trips.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the field experience proved to be immensely valuable as it effectively
addressed my confusions and challenges. I express gratitude to the department for
facilitating such a enriching experience and knowledge. The SIWES program holds
great significance for higher institution students, providing practical insights that
bridge the gap between classroom teachings and textbooks.

THANK YOU!

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AN

MISSION STATEMENT MANDATE VISION STATEMENT

 To ensure environmental  Securing a quality environment  To be a Nation that

sustainable development.  Restoring and maintaining the

PURPOSE OF LOWER USUMA DAM TREATMENT PLANT

STAGES IN WATER TREATMENT

Coagulation: -Coagulation in water treatment is a crucial process involving the

 The Global Hand Washing which is an annual event that

In conclusion, the field experience proved to be immensely valuable as it effectively

addressed my confusions and challenges. I express gratitude to the department for

bridge the gap between classroom teachings and textbooks.

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