Lesson 6.3 The Reproduction of Animals

Lesson 6.
3 The Reproduction of Animals
Perpetuation of Life
Jayson C. Porras
Teacher
Objective
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
• describe the different ways of how representative animals

reproduce.
Recall!
• Animals produce sounds which are significant in their

reproduction.
• It is an essential feature of living organisms because,
without reproduction, life will not exist.
How do different animals ensure continuity of
species?
• There are two types of reproduction that exists in living
organisms: asexual and sexual reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction is common among lower form of
animals while sexual reproduction can be found in more
complex animals.
Asexual Reproduction
• This type of reproduction does not need two parents to

produce an individual. Therefore, the offspring produced
is the exact copy of the parent animal. Most common
forms are fission, fragmentation, and budding.
Fission
• Fission is a type of asexual reproduction wherein two

individuals will form as the parent divides in half. The
illustration below shows a sea anemone undergoing
fission.
Fragmentation
• Fragmentation, the breaking of body parts into fragments,

is always followed by regeneration and regrowth of lost
parts. Even if the animal is broken into many pieces, each
piece will grow into a new individual. Planarians, as
shown in the illustration below, as well as sponges,
cnidarians, bristle worms, and sea squirts reproduce by
fragmentation.
Budding
• Budding is when an outgrowth called a bud grows and

develops from the parent animal and would eventually
separate to become a new individual. This type of
reproduction is common in certain species of coral and
hydra.
Sexual Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction needs two parents to produce an

offspring. The combination of the genes from both parents
increases the chances of species variation. Therefore,
species extinction is highly unlikely. Fertilization, the union
of egg and sperm cells, could happen internally or
externally.
External Fertilization
• In external fertilization, the union of egg and sperm occurs

outside the female reproductive tract. This is common
among most species of bony fish and amphibians. As
shown in the illustration below, the clasping of the male
frog induces the female to release eggs, over which the
male releases his sperm.
• Most eggs of the amphibians develop in the water but
others carry them on their back or in their vocal sacs as
shown below.
Internal Fertilization
• In internal fertilization, the union of egg and sperm occurs

within the female reproductive tract. Animals that undergo
in this type of reproduction produce offspring in any of the
following ways: oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity.
• Oviparity – after the eggs are fertilized internally, it would
complete its development outside the mother’s body. The
egg would receive its nourishment through its yolk. This is
found in some bony and cartilaginous fish (including
clown fish and blue tangs), most reptiles, some
amphibians, all birds, and a few mammals (monotremes).
• Ovoviviparity – the eggs are also fertilized internally and
receive its nourishment through its yolk. However, eggs
will complete its development within the mother. They are
then fully developed when they are hatched and released
by the mother. This is common in some bony fish
(including mollies, guppies, and mosquito fish), some
cartilaginous fish, and many reptiles.
• Viviparity – the eggs are developed internally and receive
nourishment directly from the mother’s blood through
placenta rather than from the yolk. This can be found in
most cartilaginous fish (including lemon sharks), some
amphibians, a few reptiles, and almost all mammals
including humans.
Explore!
• Jellyfish reproduction involves both sexual and asexual

reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs in the adult
stage where males release sperm and females release
eggs. When sperm and egg combine, it will form a small
larva called planula. These planulae will attach to rocks
and become polyps. During this stage, they can
reproduce asexually by elongating then budding off to
produce many young jellyfish.
• Why do you think many species of jellyfish produce
offspring extraordinarily quickly?
Try it!
Tell whether the following scenarios are under asexual or
sexual reproduction and state the advantages and
disadvantages of having these qualities.
• offspring are genetically variable
• every offspring is genetically identical
• slower rate of reproduction
• faster rate of reproduction
• needs only one parent to produce an offspring
• needs two parents to produce an offspring
• extinction of species is unlikely
What do you think?
• Earthworms are hermaphrodite, contains both eggs and

sperms. When mating, the two worms are lined up
against each other with each head facing in opposite
directions. Sperms are only passed from each other
which then fertilize each other’s eggs. Then a cocoon
forms in each worm.
• In spite of having both eggs and sperms, why do

earthworms do not self-fertilize?
Key Points
• Reproduction is an important feature of living organisms

because it ensures continuity of species.
• The two types of reproduction that exist in living
organisms are asexual and sexual reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction involves only one parent to
produce a new individual. The offspring is the exact copy
of the parent animal. Most common forms are fission,
fragmentation, and budding.
• Fission is a type of asexual reproduction wherein two
individuals will form as the parent divides in half.
• Fragmentation involves the breaking of body parts into
fragments. Each piece will regenerate and become a new
individual.
• Budding is when a bud grows and develops from the
parent animal then would eventually separate to become
a new individual.
• Sexual reproduction needs two parents to produce an
offspring. The combination of the genes from both
parents increases the chances of species variation.
• Fertilization could happen internally or externally.
• External fertilization involves the union of egg and sperm
outside the female reproductive tract.
• Internal fertilization involves the union of egg and sperm
within the female reproductive tract. Animals that undergo
in this type of reproduction produce offspring in any of the
following ways: oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity.
Test Question
1. What do you call the union of sperm cell and egg cell?
A. reproduction
B. fission
C. fertilization
D. budding
2. What type of reproduction does not need two parents to
produce an individual?
A. sexual reproduction
B. asexual reproduction
C. external fertilization
D. internal fertilization
3. It is a type of asexual reproduction wherein two
individuals will form as the parent divides in half.
A. fragmentation
B. budding
C. regeneration
D. fission
4. Which of the following animals fertilize the eggs outside
the female reproductive tract?
A. frogs
B. humans
C. turtles
D. hydra
5. Which of the following characteristics does not describe
ovoviviparity?
A. eggs complete their development within the mother

B. eggs receive their nourishment through its yolk
C. the eggs are fertilized internally
D. eggs receive their nourishment through placenta
6. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. planaria – fragmentation
B. corals – fission
C. hydra – budding
D. frogs – external fertilization
7. All of the following animals reproduce asexually except
A. frogs
B. corals
C. starfish
D. flatworms
8. Most mammals reproduce the same way except for
monotremes (echidnas and platypus). This is because
monotremes
A. give birth to young

B. reproduce asexually
C. lay eggs
D. fertilize eggs externally
9. While walking at your favorite beach, you have noticed
an organism. From time to time, one of its appendages
detach and gradually grow into a whole new organism,
similar to the first. This is an example of
A. fission
B. budding
C. fragmentation
D. internal fertilization
10. What advantage would animals that reproduce sexually
have over animals that reproduce asexually when there is a
change in environmental conditions? Animals that employ
sexual reproduction
A. restricts the spread of harmful features

B. decreases the species variation
C. produces offspring that are identical to parents
D. allows species to adapt to new conditions

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Lesson 6.

3 The Reproduction of Animals

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

• describe the different ways of how representative animals

• Animals produce sounds which are significant in their

• This type of reproduction does not need two parents to

• Fission is a type of asexual reproduction wherein two

• Fragmentation, the breaking of body parts into fragments,

• Budding is when an outgrowth called a bud grows and

• Sexual reproduction needs two parents to produce an

• In external fertilization, the union of egg and sperm occurs

• In internal fertilization, the union of egg and sperm occurs

• Jellyfish reproduction involves both sexual and asexual

• Earthworms are hermaphrodite, contains both eggs and

• In spite of having both eggs and sperms, why do

• Reproduction is an important feature of living organisms

A. eggs complete their development within the mother

A. give birth to young

A. restricts the spread of harmful features

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