Q2 - Lesson 2 - ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION AND
THE MAGNETIC
PROPERTY OF ATOMS
Lesson 2
1. Determine the magnetic property of the
atom based on its electronic
configuration(STEM_GC11ESIIa-b-57);
2. Draw an orbital diagram to represent the
electronic configuration of atoms
(STEM_GC11ESIIa-b-58)
Activity 1: What is the Mystery
Word?
Directions: Identify the letter that is
described by each item below. Use
these letters to reveal the mystery
word in the box.
__ __ __ L P T H __ L E __ N
1 2 3 4 5
1. The symbol of the element in
the third period with 5 valence
electrons and is used in the
manufacture of safety matches.
2. The symbol of the
element in the first period
with 2 valence electrons
and used to inflate party
balloons.
3. The symbols of the two
gaseous elements in the
second period with valence
electrons equal to 5 and 6,
respectively.
4. The first letter of the name
of the principle which states
that electrons fill atomic
orbitals of the lowest
available energy levels first
before occupying higher
levels in the atom’s ground
state.
5. The symbol of the halogen
with a complete electron
configuration:1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s 5p .
6 10 2 6 10 2 5
Hint: The “word” is often
used as an indicator in acid–
base titrations. It turns
colorless in acidic solutions
and pink in basic solutions
Electron configuration
 is the arrangement of electrons
within the orbitals of an atom to
determine its electronic
property.
 The ground-state electron
configuration is the most stable
arrangement of electrons in an
atom.
Valence electrons
 are the outermost electrons of an atom.
 They are the highest energy electrons in
an atom and are the most reactive
 electrons can be gained, lost, or shared
to form chemical bonds unlike the inner
electrons which do not participate in
reactions.
 The number of valence electrons of
each element is equal to its group
number on the Periodic Table (Brown,
2015)
THE LEVELS, SUBLEVELS,
ORBITALS, AND ELECTRONS
HOW DO YOU WRITE
THE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION OF THE
FOLLOWING:
 carbon
 silicon
OCCUPATION OF ORBITALS
Electrons fill orbitals in
a way to minimize the
energy of the atom.
The electrons in an atom

fill the principal energy
levels in order of
increasing energy (the
electrons are getting
farther from the nucleus).
RULES FOR
ASSIGNING
ELECTRON
ORBITALS
THE AUFBAU PROCESS
Aufbau comes from the
German word "aufbauen"
meaning "to build."
When writing electron
configurations, orbitals are
built up from atom to atom.
When writing the electron
configuration for an atom,
orbitals are filled in order of
increasing atomic number.
However, there are some
THE AUFBAU PROCESS
EXAMPLE:
Hydrogen and
Helium
HUND'S RULE
When assigning
electrons in orbitals,
each electron will first
fill all the orbitals with
similar energy (also
referred to as
degenerate) before
pairing with another
electron in a half-filled
EXAMPLE:
Oxygen and
Nitrogen
PAULI EXCLUSION
PRINCIPLE
- states that no two
electrons can have the same
four quantum numbers.
- A single orbital can hold a
maximum of two electrons,
which must have opposing
spins; otherwise they would
have the same four quantum
numbers, which is forbidden.
PAULI EXCLUSION
PRINCIPLE
Table 2.1 Electron configurations of some lighter
elements
EXAMPLE 3: 3RD ROW
ELEMENTS
Following the pattern across a
period from B (Z=5) to Ne (Z=10),
the number of electrons increases
and the subshells are filled. This
example focuses on the p subshell,
which fills from boron to neon.
• B (Z=5) configuration: 1s2 2s2
2p1
• C (Z=6) configuration:1s2 2s2
2p2
• N (Z=7) configuration:1s2 2s2
2p3
2 2
EXCEPTIONS
Although the Aufbau rule
accurately predicts the electron
configuration of most elements,
there are notable exceptions
among the transition metals and
heavier elements. The reason
these exceptions occur is that
some elements are more stable
with fewer electrons in some
subshells and more electrons in
others (Table 1).
Table 1: Exceptions to Electron Configuration Trends
Period 4: Period 5:
5 1 1 4
Chromium: Z:24 [Ar] 3d 4s Niobium: Z:41 [Kr] 5s 4d
Copper: Z:29 [Ar] 3d104s1 Molybdenum: Z:42 [Kr] 5s1 4d5
1 7
Ruthenium: Z:44 [Kr] 5s 4d
Rhodium: Z:45 [Kr] 5s1 4d8
Palladium: Z:46 [Kr] 4d10
Silver: Z:47 [Kr] 5s1 4d10
Period 6: Period 7:
2 1 2 1
Lanthanum: Z:57 [Xe] 6s 5d Actinium: Z:89 [Rn] 7s 6d
Cerium: Z:58 [Xe] 6s2 4f1 5d1 Thorium: Z:90 [Rn] 7s2 6d2
Gadolinium: Z:64 [Xe] Protactium: Z:91 [Rn] 7s2 5f2 6d1
6s2 4f7 5d1
1 14 9 2 3 1
Platinum: Z:78 [Xe] 6s 4f 5d Uranium: Z:92 [Rn] 7s 5f 6d
Gold: Z:79 [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d10 Neptunium: Z:93 [Rn] 7s2 5f4 6d1
Curium: Z:96 [Rn] 7s2 5f7 6d1
Lawrencium: Z:103 [Rn]

7s2 5f14 7p1
WRITING ELECTRON
CONFIGURATIONS
1st – write the energy

level
(the period)
2 - the subshell to be filled
nd
3rd - the superscript,

which is the number of
electrons in that subshell.
THREE METHODS ARE USED
TO WRITE ELECTRON
CONFIGURATIONS:
1. ORBITAL DIAGRAMS
2. SPDF NOTATION
3. NOBLE GAS
NOTATION
DIAMAGNETISM
AND
PARAMAGNETIS
M
MATERIALS MAY BE
CLASSIFIED AS
FERROMAGNETIC,
PARAMAGNETIC, OR
DIAMAGNETIC BASED ON
THEIR RESPONSE TO AN
EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD.
FERROMAGNETISM
-is a large effect, often

greater than that of the
applied magnetic field,
that persists even in
the absence of an
applied magnetic field.
DIAMAGNETISM
-is a property that
opposes an applied
magnetic field, but
it's very weak.
PARAMAGNETISM
- is stronger than
diamagnetism, but
weaker than
ferromagnetism.
DETERMINATION IF
PARAMAGNETIC OR DIAMAGNETIC
The magnetic properties of a

substance can be determined by
examining its electron
configuration: If it has unpaired
electrons, then the substance is
paramagnetic and if all electrons
are paired, the substance is then
diamagnetic.
DETERMINATION IF
PARAMAGNETIC OR DIAMAGNETIC
Steps in determination if
paramagnetic or diamagnetic:
1.Write down the electron configuration
2. Draw the orbital notation
3. Identify if unpaired electrons exist at the
outermost energy level.
4. Determine whether the substance is
paramagnetic or diamagnetic. Paramagnetic
if it contains at least 1 unpaired electron and
diamagnetic if it has paired electrons.
Exercise:
In the space below, write the
unabbreviated electron
configurations of the following
elements:
1. sodium___________________________
2. iron _____________________________
3. bromine __________________________
4. barium ___________________________
5. neptunium_________________________
In the space below, write the
abbreviated electron configurations
of the following elements:
6. cobalt_____________________
7. silver ___________________
8. tellurium__________________
9. radium____________________
10. lawrencium________________
Activity 3: Boarding House Analogy
Directions: Imagine you are the landlord of a very strange boarding
house. Your job is to fill the rooms in the building in the most
efficient way possible. The rules you have to follow are as strange as
the building because quantum mechanics is not like anything you
might have expected. State what electron rule is being applied in the
situations stated in the left side of the table. Explain each rule. (This
activity is adapted from birdvilleschoosl.net).
Boarding House Rules Electron Rules
From the Bottom Up: Rooms should be filled
from the ground floor and up. Fill up first the rooms
on the first floor before starting to put new tenants
on the second floor.
Singles First: the owner of the building wants to
have the renters spread out as much as possible.
For that reason, singles are placed first in rooms
before couples. If couples must be placed into a
room then all of the other rooms on that floor must
already have a single in them.
Opposite Gender Only: When two people are to
be situated in a room, they must be of opposite
genders. No men may stay together, and no
women may room together. This is an arbitrary
rule on the part of the owners: in a just world, we
wouldn’t have to follow it, but quantum mechanics
has nothing to do with society’s norm.
Activity 4: What are you eating?
Directions: Research about the ingredients of “PIATTOS”.
Identify at least two elements present in the food and research
about the properties and uses of each element. Fill out the
table with the needed details and answer the questions that
follow.
Element Properties Uses Electron Orbital Diagram Paramagnetic/
Configuration Diamagnetic?
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
THANK
YOU!

Q2 - Lesson 2 - ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Q2 - Lesson 2 - ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Q2 - Lesson 2 - ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ELECTRON

The electrons in an atom

Rhodium: Z:45 [Kr] 5s1 4d8

Palladium: Z:46 [Kr] 4d10

Silver: Z:47 [Kr] 5s1 4d10

Lawrencium: Z:103 [Rn]

1st – write the energy

3rd - the superscript,

-is a large effect, often

The magnetic properties of a

You might also like