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    Concept of Disease Control by Ar

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    Suraj Pathak

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    Concept of Disease Control by Ar

    Uploaded by

    Suraj Pathak
    3 views18 pages

    Original Title

    CONCEPT OF DISEASE CONTROL BY AR

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    3 views18 pages

    Concept of Disease Control by Ar

    Uploaded by

    Suraj Pathak

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Concept of disease

    control
    Name:-Aman
    Rathor
    MBBS 2020
    ROLLNO.-12
    Content
    Disease control
    Disease elimination
    Disease eradication
    Monitoring
    Surveillance
    Disease control
    Agent is permitted to persist in the community at a
    level where it ceases to be a public health problems
    It describes operations aimed at reducing –
    1. The incidence of disease
    2. Duration of disease ( risk of transmission )
    3. Effect of infection ( both physical and psychological )
    4. Financial burden to the community
    Control activity may focus on primary prevention or secondary
    prevention
    Disease elimination
    •It is an intermediate goal between control and eradication
    has been described called “ regional elimination ”

    •The term elimination is used to


    interruption of transmission of disease
    But the causative agent may be persisting in environment
    Disease that has been eliminated from large geographical
    areas
    1. Measles
    2. Polio
    3. Diphtheria
    Disease eradication
    •Eradication literally means to “ tear out by roots ”

    •Eradication of disease implies termination of


    all transmission of infection by extermination
    of infectious agent

    •It is an absolute process and not a relative goal


    •It is “ All or none Phenomenon ”
    •It’s a global term i.e. can only be used for whole planet
    •Today, the only disease that has been eradicated globally is :
    Smallpox
    •Eradication underway for :
    • Polio
    • Measles
    • Dracunculiasis
    Monitoring
    •Definition : Continuous oversight of activities to ensure
    that they are proceeding according to plan

    •Monitoring is “ the performance and analysis of routine


    measurements aimed at detecting changes in the
    environment or health status of population ”
    Eg. Monitoring of air pollution, water quality, growth and
    nutritional status, etc

    •Monitoring can be carried out by technicians

    •Also refer to performance of health services or health


    professional or the extent of patient’s compliance
    Surveillance
    •Definition : continuous scrutiny of that factors that
    determine the occurrence and distribution of disease and
    other conditions of ill- health

    •Surveillance programs can assume any character and


    dimensions – thus we have epidemiological surveillance,
    demographic surveillance, nutritional surveillance, etc
    Objective of surveillance:
    ◦ To provide information about new and changing trends in
    health status of a population

    ◦ To provide feedback which may be expected to modify


    policy and system

    ◦ To Provide timely warning of public health disasters


    •A surveillance system includes a functional capacity for
    data collection, analysis and dissemination linked to
    public health programmes

    •It is often distinguished from monitoring by the notion


    that surveillance is continuous and ongoing, where as
    monitoring tends to be more intermittent or episodic
    Types of surveillance
    1. Active surveillance :-
    ◦ Health worker actively goes to house every fortnight to
    detect cases & collect data
    ◦ Done in National Vector Borne Disease Control Program
    ( NVBDCP )
    2. Passive surveillance :-
    ◦ Data is itself reported to health system passively
    ◦ Done in most of National Health programs
    3.Sentinel surveillance
    •A method for identifying the missing case and thereby
    supplementing the notified cases is required, this is called
    sentinel surveillance

    •The sentinel data is extrapolate to the entire population to


    estimate the disease prevalence in the total population
    •The advantage of such a system are that the reporting biases
    are minimized, and feed back of information to the providers
    is simplified

    •This system would provide more valuable and detailed


    information than could be obtained from traditional
    notification system
    Bibliography
    K. Park, Textbook of Preventive And Social Medicine, 27th
    edition. Jabalpur :M/s Banarasidas Bhanot publications,
    2023
    Thank you ...

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