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    Anatomy and Physiology Lec and Lab 3

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    Maureline Dominar

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    Anatomy and Physiology Lec and Lab 3

    Uploaded by

    Maureline Dominar
    1 views34 pages

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1 views34 pages

    Anatomy and Physiology Lec and Lab 3

    Uploaded by

    Maureline Dominar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 34

    Transport through

    Cell Membranes
    AILEEN MAE C. MIGALANG, RN
    The Cell
    • Eukaryotic Cell -have nucleus which contain the cell’s
    DNA and has specialized structures called organelles.
    • Ex: animal and plant cell

    • Prokaryotic Cell- DNA isn’t encapsulated within a nucleus


    and the organelles are missing.
    • Ex: Bacteria and Archaea
    Specialized Cells
    • Neurons
    • Enterocytes
    • Pneumocytes
    • Nephrons
    • Erythrocytes
    • Leukocytes
    • Thrombocytes
    • Melanocytes
    Membrane Transport
    • Movement of particles across or through plasma
    membrane.
    • Example of particles are water, carbon dioxide, oxygen,
    ions, fatty acids and glucose.
    Plasma Membrane
    Two Major Types
    • A. Passive Transport Mechanism
    • B. Active Transport Mechanism
    Passive Transport Mechanism
    • A type of cellular transport in which substances move
    down their respective concentration gradient not
    requiring any amount of energy (ATP).
    Osmosis
    • Movement of water molecules from area of low
    concentration to area of high concentration
    Simple Diffusion
    • The net passive movement of substances (solutes) from
    greater concentration area to lower concentration area.
    Simple diffusion does not require assistance of membrane
    proteins to move substance downhill.
    • Ex: oxygen and carbon dioxide
    Facilitated Diffusion
    • A passive transport of molecules across the plasma
    membrane via protein membranes.
    • Ex: glucose, ions
    Active Transport Mechanism
    • The movement of molecules across cell membrane in the
    direction which is against the concentration gradient
    thus, requiring energy.
    • Ex. Pumps and protein carriers
    Primary Active Transport
    • A direct active transport, directly uses energy ATP to
    move substances or solutes into the cell.
    • Ex: Sodium-Potassium Pump
    Secondary Active Transport
    • Uses energy stored in set-up gradient to move other
    substances against their own gradient.
    • Ex:
    • 1. Symport ( when transported and co-transported
    molecule move in the same direction.)
    • 2. Antiport (when they move in different directions.)
    Symport
    Antiport
    Endocytosis
    • A process of capturing a substance or particle from
    outside the cell.
    Exocytosis
    • The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane
    and releasing the content to the outside of the cell.
    TONICITY OF SOLUTION
    • The ability of an extracellular solution to make water
    move into and out of the cell by osmosis.
    Isotonic
    • There will be no net flow of water into or out of the cell.
    • The cell’s volume will remain stable.
    • The solute concentration outside the cell is the same as
    inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the
    membrane.
    Hypotonic
    • There will be a net flow of water into the cell.
    • The cell will gain volume.
    • If the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than
    inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the
    membrane.
    Hypertonic
    • There will be a net flow of water out of the cell.
    • The cell will lose volume.
    • A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute
    concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the
    solutes cannot cross the membrane.

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