COMPUTER

SYSTEMS
•A computer system consists of
hardware and software
components.
HARDWARE
•is the physical equipment such
as the case, storage drives,
keyboards, monitors, cables,
speakers, and printers that
builds up and let the software
run.
SOFTWARE
•Are sets of instructions given to
the computer to perform task.
•Application, System Software,
Utility Software and
programming language are a
type of software
PROCESSING
DEVICES
PROCESSING DEVICES
•are the computer’s circuitry in
the system unit.
MOTHERBOARD
•the circuit board housing the
memory and the central
processing unit (CPU)
MOTHERBOARD
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
•manipulates input data into
the information needed by the
users
MEMORY
•also known as Random Access
Memory or RAM. It is a series of
electronic elements that act as
temporary storage of data and
program instructions while the
instructions are being processed by
the CPU.
MEMORY
CHIPS
•these make up the CPU and the
memory; these are electronic
devices that contain many
microscopic pathways designed
to carry electrical currents.
STORAGE
DEVICE
STORAGE DEVICES
•store data and programs.
These hold data, information,
and programs permanently.
SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)
•mass storage device that stores data in
a permanent state even without power.
Similar to an HDD’s function, only the
internal components are different.
SSDs do not have moving parts but
store data on magnetic platters making
use of flash memory.
SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)
HARD DISK DRIVE (HHD)
•often called hard drive or hard disk.
This is the most common storage
device that do not need power to
maintain data; these store data
through spinning platters or magnetic
disks, recording individual bits written
into the disk.
HARD DISK DRIVE (HHD)
FLASH DRIVE
•highly portable small data
storage devices making use of
flash memory and a Universal
Serial Bus (USB) port
connection
FLASH DRIVE
COMPACT DISK - CD
• “compact disc”, this storage
device can hold up to 700 MB;
it is read by an optical drive
through a laser
COMPACT DISK - CD
INPUT DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
•allow the user to
communicate with the
computer by entering data or
commands.
KEYBOARD
•primary input device used to
input alphanumeric data and
commands to the computer
MOUSE
•primary input device used to
navigate and interact with the
monitor output
SCANNER
•scans documents and
converts them digitally, which
can be edited on a computer.
WEBCAM
•small cameras attached to a
monitor or desk that record or
broadcast video
 JOYSTICK
•device used to control video
games, aside from the
keyboard
OUTPUT
DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
•enable the computer to show
the processed data and
information understandably to
the user.
PRINTER
•prints paper documents,
photographs, and other
outputs called hard copies
which are physical versions of
the documents.
MONITOR
•acts as the primary display of
the unit where the user
interface and programs are
reflected.
SPEAKERS
•sound system device that
produce audio output from the
computer
THE SYSTEM
UNIT
THE SYSTEM UNIT
•is the overall structure that houses
the processor, memory, and
electronic components of the
computer that are used to process
data. All input and output devices
are connected into the system unit..
•The system unit is housed by
what is known as system case
or computer case. It holds and
protects most components of
a computer
COMPUTER CASE
•contains the framework to support
and enclose internal components of
the computer. It helps to prevent
damage from static electricity. It
typically made up of plastic, steel,
and aluminum which are available in
a variety of styles.
COMPUTER CASE
•The size and layout of a case
is called a form factor. It is
also designed to keep internal
components cool by using
airflow vents and cooling fans.
COMPUTER CASES ARE
REFERRED TO IN A NUMBER
OF WAYS:
•Computer chassis
•Cabinet
•Tower
•Box
•Housing
POWER SUPPLY
POWER SUPPLIES
• serve as the source for
electricity to the computer.
Attached are vital hardware
cables and buses for transferring
power to various components in
the computer.
ATX 24 PIN MAIN POWER
CONNECTOR
•is the standard motherboard
power connector used in
nearly every computer.
SATA 15 PIN POWER SUPPLY
CONNECTOR
•s one of several standard
peripheral power connectors.
SATA power connectors only
connect to SATA drives like
hard drives and optical drives.
MOLEX 4 PIN POWER SUPPLY
CONNECTOR
•is a standard peripheral power
connector. Molex power connectors
connect to many different kinds of
internal peripherals including PATA
hard drives and optical drives, some
video cards, and even some other
devices.
FLOPPY DRIVE 4 PIN POWER
SUPPLY CONNECTOR
•is the standard floppy drive power
connector. The floppy power
connector, also called a Berg
connector or Mini-Molex connector, is
included in even the newest power
supplies even though floppy drives
are becoming obsolete.
ATX 4 PIN POWER SUPPLY
CONNECTOR
•is a standard motherboard
power connector used to
provide +12 VDC to the
processor voltage regulator.
ATX 6 PIN POWER SUPPLY
CONNECTOR
•is a motherboard power
connector used to provide +12
VDC to the processor voltage
regulator but the 4-pin variety is
the more commonly used
connector.
MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARD
•The motherboard is also known as
mainboard, system board, logic
board, or MOBO. It holds and allows
communication between the crucial
components of the computer such as
the CPU and memory.
SEVERAL COMPONENTS THAT ARE
ATTACHED TO THE
MOTHERBOARD.
•Chip
•Bus
•Integrated Circuit (IC)
•Microprocessor
DIFFERENT VARIETY OF CHIP
PACKAGES:
• 1. Dual Inline Package (DIP) – this has two parallel rows
of pints that attach the chip package to the circuit board
• 2. Pin Grid Array (PGA) – holds a larger number of pins
because the pins are mounted on the surface of the
package.
• 3. Flip Chip-PGA (CF-PGA) Package – higher performance
PGA packaging that places the chip on the opposite sides
of the pins.
• 4. Single Edge Contact (SEC) Cartridge – does not use
pins but connects to one of the edges in the motherboard.
FORM FACTOR
•The form factor of motherboards
pertains to the size and shape of
the board. It also describes the
physical layout of the different
components and devices on the
motherboard.
FORM FACTOR
• AT – Advanced Technology
• ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
• Mini-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX
• Micro-ATX – Smaller footprint of AT
• LPX – Low-profile Extended
• NLX – New Low-profile Extended
• BTX – Balanced Technology Extended
NORTHBRIDGE
•The function of the
northbridge is primarily a fast
path between the CPU and the
video bus and system RAM.
SOUTHBRIDGE
•the southbridge connects with
the slow
hardware/components of the
system.
CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
•Commonly known as the CPU or
processor, this is the brain of the
computer. It interprets and
carries out the basic instructions
to operate a computer.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
•Commonly known as the CPU or
processor, this is the brain of the
computer. It interprets and
carries out the basic instructions
to operate a computer.
MULTI-CORE PROCESSORS.
•This means that the processor is a
single chips that has two or more
separate processors. In multi-core
processors, each of the processors run
at a slower clock speed as compared to
a single-core processor, but this efficient
process typically increases performance.
TWO KINDS OF COMMON
MULTI-CORE PROCESSORS
• Dual Core Processor – chip
that contains two separate
processors
•Quad Core Processor – chip
with four separate processors
•AMD and Intel are the two
most popular brands of
processors in the market
nowadays.
HEAT SINK
•consists of metal fins that
draw heat away from a
component. The fan and heat
sink together are called the
processor cooler.
RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY (RAM)
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
(RAM)
•The Random Access Memory or RAM acts
as temporary storage as long as the
computer is running. The contents of the
RAM change as programs are executed.
These are chips that are placed directly on
the motherboard. These RAM consists of
switches which are triggered by changes in
electric current.
THREE BASIC TYPES OF RA

1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

2. Static RAM (SRAM)
3. Magnetoresistive RAM
(MRAM)
DYNAMIC RAM (DRAM)
•This kind of RAM needs to be
recharged by the CPU. If not, it
loses its contents.
DYNAMIC RAM (DRAM)
VARIATION
• Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) – faster than DRAM
because it is synchronized to the system clock
• Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM – faster than
SDRAM because they transfer data twice for each
clock cycle
• DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM – faster than DDR SDRAM
• Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) – type of DRAM faster than
SDRAM that uses pipelining techniques
STATIC RAM (SRAM)
•This kind is faster and more
reliable than any form of DRAM.
Unlike the DRAM, this does not
need to be re-energized. However,
it is much more expensive and it
used for special purposes.
MAGNETORESISTIVE RAM
(MRAM)
•This kind stores data using
magnetic charges instead of
electrical charges. It has greater
storage capacity, consume less
power, and faster access times.
MEMORY MODULE
•The RAM chips are housed in a
small circuit board called the
memory module, which is
inserted into the motherboard.
THREE TYPES OF MEMORY
MODULES
•1. Single Inline Memory Module
(SIMM) – this has pins on opposite
sides of the circuit board which
connect together to form a single
set of contacts. This houses
SDRAM chips along with DIMMs.
THREE TYPES OF MEMORY
MODULES
•2. Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
– the pins on the opposite sides of the
circuit board do not connect and form
two sets of contacts. This houses
SDRAM chips along with SIMMs.
•3. Rambus Inline Memory Module
(RIMM) – this houses RDRAM chips
COOLING
TECHNOLOGY
COOLING TECHNOLOGIES

•Cooling technologies are

essential in avoiding the
computer from overheating
and maintaining a good, well-
ventilated system.
COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
SEVERAL COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
ARE PRESENT THROUGHOUT THE
SYSTEM UNIT:

•o Fans are also present in

several components such as
the power supply, ports,
processor, hard disk etc.
SEVERAL COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
ARE PRESENT THROUGHOUT THE
SYSTEM UNIT:
• Heat sink, on another hand, is a
small metal or ceramic
component with fins on the
surface which absorbs and
distributes heat produced by
electrical components.
SEVERAL COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
ARE PRESENT THROUGHOUT THE
SYSTEM UNIT:

•Heat pipe is used on smaller

devices like notebook
computers since this is smaller
in size.
EXPANSION
CARDS
EXPANSION CARDS
•A motherboard has expansion slots
to be used by expansion cards. An
expansion card, also called an
adapter card, is a circuit board that
provides more ports than those
provided by the motherboard.
EXPANSION CARDS
•There are also other variants of
expansion cards such as network
cards, sound cards, video capture
cards, interface cards, and other
expansion cards that cater to whatever
the computer user for his/her needs
and improvements for the system.
STORAGE
STORAGE
•A system might have one or
more hard drives, an optical
drive, a tape drive, or, for
really old systems, a floppy
drive.
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

• is permanent storage used to

hold data and programs.
 SOLID STATE DRIVE OR
SSDS
•Nowadays, users use Solid
State Drive or SSDs because
of its use of flash memory,
which does not use physical
disks to write memory/data.
•Each drive has two connections
for cables: the power cable
connects to the power supply and
another cable, used for data and
instructions, connects to the
motherboard.
PORTS
PORTS
•A port generally refers to the
female part of connection.
Computer ports have many
uses, to connect a monitor,
webcam, speakers, or other
peripheral devices.
PORTS
SLOTS
SOCKETS
CONNECTORS
•THANK YOU!