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    Direct and Indirect Speech

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    Ronilyn B. Cañete

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    Ronilyn B. Cañete
    2 views14 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views14 pages

    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    Ronilyn B. Cañete

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Reporting speech

    There are two ways of


    reporting what somebody says;

     direct speech

     indirect (or reported) speech.


    Direct Speech

    In direct speech we “In text we


    put speech
    use the speaker’s
    marks
    own words. around the
    words
    spoken”

    Helen said, “ I am going home.”


    Indirect speech
    In indirect speech (sometimes
    called reported speech) we do
    not use the exact words of the
    speaker.
    Instead we report what was said.
    We sometimes need to change
    pronouns and verb tenses. We
    don’t use speech marks.
    “I am going
    Helen said she was going home.
    home.”
    Procedure: direct to indirect

    Remove comma and quotation mark.
     Put “that”, but it’s optional.
     Change the first letter of the reported
    speech into small letter.
     Change the pronoun.
     Change the verb tense, following the
    rules.
    Example:

    D: “I am hungry”, John said.


    I: John said that he was hungry.
    Some Basic Rules in Direct and Indirect Speech

    DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH


    Simple Present Simple Past
    She said , “It’s cold.” She said it was cold.

    Present Continuous Past Continuous


    She said, "I'm teaching She said she was
    English online.” teaching English online.
    Present Perfect Past Perfect
    She said, “I have been She said she had been
    on the web since 1999.” on the web since 1999.

    Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous


    She said, “I’ve been She said she had been
    teaching English for teaching English for
    seven years.” seven years.
    DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
    Past Simple Past Perfect
    She said, “I taught She said she had taught
    online yesterday.” online yesterday.
    Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    She said, “I was She said she had been
    teaching earlier.” teaching earlier.
    Past Perfect Past Perfect
    She said, “The lesson She said the lesson had
    had already started already started when
    when he arrived.” he arrived.

    Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous


    She said, “I had already She said she had
    been teaching for five already been teaching
    minutes.” for five minutes.
    RULES IN MODALS
    will to would
    can to could
     may to might
     must to had to
     there’s no changes if the modals
    in the direct speech are already
    would, could, might, should, and
    ought to
    RULES: indirect to direct
     Use say or said to
     remove “that”
     insert quotation mark
     put comma before the statement
     write the first word of the statement
    in capital letter
     change past tense to present tense
     change past perfect to past tense or
    present perfect
    Exercise: Change the following
    direct statements to indirect
    statements or vice versa.

    1. Linda said ,”People had to move


    somewhere”.

    Answer: Linda said people had to


    move somewhere.
    2. “ A small man can be
    just as exhausted as a
    great man,” said Linda.

    Answer: Linda said a small


    man could be just as
    exhausted as a great man.
    3. Biff said, “ I just can’t
    focus on my job.”

    Answer: Biff said he just


    couldn’t focus on his job.
    4. Anne said, “ I have
    worked in South Korea for
    three years.”

    Answer: Anne said she


    had worked in South
    Korea for three years.
    5. “ We have been waiting
    for two hours”, the
    customers told the
    manager.

    Answer: The customers


    told the manager they had
    been waiting for two

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