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    Carbon and Its Compounds

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    mayumiamora

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Carbon and Its Compounds

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    5 views18 pages

    Carbon and Its Compounds

    Uploaded by

    mayumiamora

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Organic

    compounds
    can be classified into

    Hydrocarbon compounds compounds


    s (only C and containing containing
    H) oxygen nitrogen
    Alkanes
    Alcohols
    Alkenes Amines
    ethers
    Alkynes amides
    aldehydes
    Cycloalkan
    ketones
    es
    Carboxylic
    Aromatic
    acids
    hydrocarbo
    esters
    CARBON AND
    ITS COMPOUNDS
    Compounds may be organic
    or inorganic
    OOrganic OOrganic
    compounds compounds
    are those that include
    mainly contain carbohydrates,
    carbon and fats, and
    hydrogen small proteins.
    quantities of OAll other
    other elements compounds are
    such as, nitrogen, considered
    OCarbon is present in millions of
    organic and inorganic
    compounds.
    OThis attributed to the ability of
    carbon atoms to chemically
    bond with each other and with
    metal and other nonmetal
    atoms.
    OA carbon atom, with its four
    valence electrons, can form
    single, double, and triple
    OThese bonds result when the valence
    orbitals of carbon undergo a process
    called hybridization, which will be
    discussed further in higher chemistry
    courses.
    OAs the number of carbon atoms in a
    chemical formula increases, more
    compounds can be formed because of
    the various types of covalent bonding
    that can arise and the many possible
    arrangements that can occur among
    the carbon atoms.
    OConsider the different compounds
    OOrganic compounds can
    be classified into many
    types depending on the
    components and structure
    of the molecules.
    OThe general classifications
    include hydrocarbons,
    alcohols, ethers,
    aldehydes, ketones,
    carboxylic acids, esters,
    HYDROCARBONS
    OAre compounds that contain
    only two elements carbon and
    hydrogen.
    OThey make up the simplest class
    of organic compounds and can
    be further classified based on
    their structure and the type of
    covalent bond they contain.
    OAll other organic compounds are
    ALKANES
    OAre hydrocarbons that contain
    single covalent bonds only;
    there are no double or triple
    bonds in the molecules.
    OThey are also described as
    saturated compounds because
    all their carbon atoms are
    attached to four other atoms.
    OAlkanes have the general
    formula
    n
    2n+
    C H 2 , where n is the
    number of carbon atoms in the
    molecule. They are generally
    used as fuels and solvents.
    Methane, the simplest
    hydrocarbon, is a component
    of natural gas.
    OEthane and propane are
    components of liquefied
    petroleum gas (LPG). 1
    4 10 6
    OButane (C H ) and hexane 4
    (C H are commonly used
    solvents .
    OMethane, and propane are
    the three shortest straight-
    chain alkanes.
    ALKENE
    S
    OAre hydrocarbons that
    contain at least one double
    bond between two carbons
    atoms.
    OThey are described as
    unsaturated compounds
    because at least one of their
    carbon atoms is attached to
    fewer to their atoms. than
    OAlkenes have the general formula
    OC H
    n 2nand are generally used as
    fuels.
    OMany of these compounds also serve
    as ingredients for the production of
    rubber and plastics.
    OEthene, a two-carbon alkene,
    facilitates the ripening of fruits and
    vegetables.
    OPropene is an alkene used in
    making polypropylene plastics.
    ALKYNES
    OAre unsaturated hydrocarbons that
    contain at least one triple covalent
    bond between two carbon atoms.
    OThey have the general formula C H
    2n-
    n
    OAn example of alkyne is ethyne,
    2.
    commonly known as acetylene (C
    2 2
    H ),
    which is a gas used for welding metals.
    CYCLOALKANES
    OAre alkanes in which the carbon
    atoms are arranged in a ring.
    OThose that contain only one ring
    have the general formula C H .
    n 2n
    OThe structural formulas of
    cycloalkanes are usually
    represented as polygons; each
    corner corresponds to a carbon
    atom.
    Aromatic
    Hydrocarbons
    OAromatic hydrocarbons,
    also called arenes, are
    compounds that have a
    six-membered carbon ring
    known as benzene ring.
    OBenzene is the simplest
    aromatic hydrocarbon with
    alternating single and
    double bonds.
    OThis structure is
    attributed to German
    chemist August Kekule,
    who visualized this
    bonding arrangement
    in as early as 1865.

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