Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems

    Uploaded by

    Subha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems

    Uploaded by

    Subha
    4 views18 pages

    Original Title

    4920139

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    4 views18 pages

    Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems

    Uploaded by

    Subha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Chapter 11

    Artificial Intelligence
    and Expert Systems
    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    The ability to mimic or duplicate the functions


    of the human brain
    AI Systems: The people, procedures,
    hardware, software, data, telecommunications,
    & knowledge needed to develop computer
    systems & machines that demonstrate the
    characteristics of intelligence

    Chapter 11 2 IS for Management


    Intelligent Behavior

    Learn from experience


    Apply knowledge acquired from experience
    Handle complex situations
    Solve problems when important information is
    missing
    Determine what is important
    React quickly & correctly to a new situation
    Understand visual images
    Process & manipulate symbols
    Be creative & imaginative
    Use heuristics
    Chapter 11 3 IS for Management
    Major Branches of AI (Figure 11.2)

    Chapter 11 4 IS for Management


    Expert Systems

    Can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions


    Can display intelligent behavior
    Can draw conclusions from complex relationships
    Can provide portable knowledge

    Expert System Shell: A collection of software


    packages & tools used to develop expert systems

    Chapter 11 5 IS for Management


    Limitations of Expert Systems
    Not widely used or tested
    Limited to relatively narrow problems
    Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge
    Possibility of error
    Cannot refine own knowledge base
    Difficult to maintain
    May have high development costs
    Raise legal & ethical concerns
    Chapter 11 6 IS for Management
    Expert Systems’ Capabilities (Figure
    11.5)

    Explore impact of strategic


    goals

    Impact of plans on
    resources
    Integrate general design
    principles & manufacturing
    limitations
    Provide advise on decisions

    Monitor quality & assist in


    finding solutions
    Look for causes & suggest
    solutions
    Chapter 11 7 IS for Management
    When to Use Expert Systems

    Provide a high potential payoff or significantly


    reduced downside risk
    Capture & preserve irreplaceable human expertise
    Provide needed expertise (consistently) at a number
    of locations at the same time or in a hostile
    environment that is dangerous to human health
    Provide expertise that is expensive or rare
    Develop a solution faster than human experts can
    Provide expertise needed for training & development
    to share the wisdom of human experts with a large
    number of people
    Chapter 11 8 IS for Management
    Expert Systems’ Components (Figure
    11.7)

    Chapter 11 9 IS for Management


    More Definitions

    Fuzzy Logic: Mathematics/computer science area


    that allows shades of gray & does not require
    everything to be simply yes/no, or true/false
    Rule: A conditional statement that links given
    conditions to actions or outcomes
    Backward Chaining: A method of reasoning that
    starts with conclusions & works backward to the
    supporting facts (deductive)
    Forward Chaining: A method of reasoning that
    starts with the facts & works forward to the
    conclusions (inductive)
    Chapter 11 10 IS for Management
    Yet More Definitions

    Explanation Facility: Allows a user or decision


    maker to understand how the expert system
    arrived at its conclusions/results
    Knowledge Acquisition Facility: Provides a
    convenient, efficient means of capturing & storing
    the components of the knowledge base
    Domain: The limited area of knowledge addressed
    by the expert system

    Chapter 11 11 IS for Management


    Expert Systems Development
    (Figure 11.10)

    Chapter 11 12 IS for Management


    Participants in Expert Systems
    Development & Use (Figure 11.11)

    Chapter 11 13 IS for Management


    Evolution of Expert Systems
    Software (Figure 11.12)

    Chapter 11 14 IS for Management


    Advantages of Expert Systems

    Easy to develop and modify


    The use of satisficing
    The use of heuristics
    Development by knowledge engineers & users

    Chapter 11 15 IS for Management


    Expert Systems Development
    Alternatives (Figure 11.13)

    Chapter 11 16 IS for Management


    Applications of Expert Systems & AI
    Granting credit
    Information management & retrieval
    AI & expert systems embedded in products
    Plant/facility layout
    Hospitals & medical facilities, including diagnostic tools
    Help desks & assistance
    Employee performance evaluation
    Loan analysis
    Virus detection
    Repair & maintenance
    Shipping
    Marketing
    Warehouse optimization

    Chapter 11 17 IS for Management


    Chapter 11 Case

    Use of fuzzy logic to predict length of patient


    hospital stay, page 514

    Chapter 11 18 IS for Management

    You might also like