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    Second Slides of War of Independence 1857

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    Second Slides of War of Independence 1857

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    4 views14 pages

    Second Slides of War of Independence 1857

    Uploaded by

    rjzero002

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    War of Independence

    1857
    Causes and Effects
    British Occupation of Subcontinent
    British Occupation of Subcontinent

     1498, Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer,


    discovered the sea route from Europe to India via
    Cape of Good Hope.
     Almost a century later, after Portuguese & Dutch,
    English started to arrive in the subcontinent.
     1600, East India Company was established.
     1612, EIC was granted permission by Mughals to
    initiate trade in India.
    British Occupation of Subcontinent

    In 1849, Punjab was


     In 1764, Battle of Buxur, between the
    annexed.
    joint forces of Mir Kasim, Shuja-ud-  Nawab of Oudh deposed
    Daula (Nawab of Oudh) and Shah Alam
     By 1857, the frontiers of
    (Mughal Emperor of Delhi) v/s Major
    Munro (British). English won the battle. the British territory
     In 1799, Tipu Sultan of Mysore state included provinces like
    was killed, and Mysore was annexed. Bengal, Bihar, Oudh,
     In 1803, the British entered Delhi and Maysore, Maharashtra,
    forced the Mughal emperor. Sindh, Punjab, Kashmir
     In 1818 the Marathas were defeated. and Northwest Frontier.
     In 1843, Sindh was annexed by  In 1857, Indian revolted
    Company against Company's rule
    (A)Political Causes:

    1. Dailhousie's Doctrine of Lapse:


     If an Indian prince died without a direct heir, the
    succession lapsed to the British as the supreme
    power. Satpara, Jhansi, Nagpur and some minor
    states were occupied by Company.
    2. Seize of Oudh (1856):
    3. Mistreatment of Mughal Emperors
    (B) Religious Causes:

    1. Propagation of Christianity

    2. Interference in Religious Affairs of locals

    ➤ Widows Re-marriage Act


    ➤Abolition of Satti
    (C) Economic Causes

    1. Destruction of Local Industry


    2. Rise of Unemployment:
    3. Domination of Trade by the English
    4. Exploitation of the Indian Resources
    (D) Military Causes

    1. Discriminatory attitude against Indian Sepoys


    2. Introduction of Reforms in Military, that were
    considered as the interference in religious affairs of
    Indians
     Vellore Mutiny (1806)
     Anglo-Afghan War (1839) & Anglo-Sindh War (1843)
     General Service Enlistment Act (1856)
     Introduction of Enfield Rifle (January 1857)
     3. Disbanded Armies of Annexed States
    Outbreak of War of
    Independence
    Mutiny 1857
    Immediate Cause

     26th February 1857, native soldiers of the 19th


    Native Infantry at Behrampur refused to use the
    greased cartridges.
     19th March 1857, Mangal Pande a native soldier
    of the 34th native infantry fired at his British
    officers. His fellows did not join him. As a result,
    he was caught and hanged.
    Events of War of Independence

    Meerut
    23rd April 1857, Meerut, 80 soldiers disobeyed the orders of
    Colonel Smyth to use the cartridges.
    8th May 1857, 80 soldiers were sentenced to ten years
    imprisonment.
    10th May 1857, their colleagues attacked the jail and freed the 80
    soldiers. This incident led to a general revolt and the freedom
    fighter marched to Delhi.
    Delhi: 11th May 1857, Delhi was occupied.
    Bahadur Shah Zafar declared the king.
    Bakht Khan arrived from Braille.
    Lucknow:
     People of Oudh & disbanded soldiers of the state rose.
     Small British garrison defeated, and ten years old prince
    placed on the throne.
     Queen Hazrat Mahal, widow of the late Nawab became the
    regent.
     Sometime later the British forces led by General Outram and
     Havelock succeeded in defeating the revolutionaries at
    Lucknow.
    Kanpur:
    Nana Sahib the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II
    revolted, declared himself Peshwa and occupied the city of
    Kanpur. He massacred the English soldiers. However, the British
    recovered Kanpur and perpetrated great atrocities on the people.
    Jhansi:
    Causes and Failure of War of Independence

    I. Lack of Leadership and Discipline:


    II. Lack of unity:
    III. Lack of Resources:
    IV. Lack of Popular Support:
    V. Superior Technology of English troops:
    VI. Non-cooperation of the rulers of the State:
    VII. Role of Traitors:
    Effects of War of Independence

    I. EIC occupied territories went under control of British Crown under Government
    of India Act 1858
    II. Abolition of the Doctrine of Lapse, and the right to adoption was conceded
    III Friendly policy towards the landed gentry such as the talukdars was also
    adopted
    IV. The British mission of improving the socio-religious tone of Indian life
    abandoned.
    V. Muslims were considered key responsible for the uprising thus English
    subjected the Muslims to oppression.
    VI. Hindus and Muslims turned towards Modern Education.

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