Name :- TUSHAR KUMAR SAHU

Class :- X “B”
Roll no. :- 35
Subject :- Project On “RDBMS – THE DATA KEEPER
AND DATA ADMINISTRATOR”
Assigned to :- SAMUEL SIR
 What is dbms ?
• DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is software that allows users
to store, manage, and retrieve data efficiently. It is also used to keep a number of
data in a proper sequence. DBMS allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a
structured and organized manner
 The types of DBMS include
 Relational DBMS
 Hierarchical DBMS
 Network DBMS
 Object-Oriented DBMS
 NoSQL DBMS
 Columnar DBMS and In-Memory DBMS
 Advantages of Database
Management System
• The advantages of database management systems are:

◊ Data Security: The more accessible and usable the database, the more it is
prone to security issues. As the number of users increases, the data
transferring or data sharing rate also increases thus increasing the risk of data
security. A Database Management System (DBMS) provides a better platform
for data privacy and security policies thus, helping companies to improve Data
Security.
◊ Data integration: Due to the Database Management System we have access
to well-managed and synchronized forms of data thus it makes data handling
very easy and gives an integrated view of how a particular organization is
working and also helps to keep track of how one segment of the company
affects another segment.
Data consistency and accuracy: DBMS ensures that data is consistent and accurate by
enforcing data integrity constraints and preventing data duplication. This helps to
eliminate data discrepancies and errors that can occur when data is stored and
managed manually.
Data sharing: A DBMS provides a platform for sharing data across multiple
applications and users, which can increase productivity and collaboration.
Data organization: A DBMS provides a systematic approach to organizing data in a
structured way, which makes it easier to retrieve and manage data efficiently.
Efficient data access and retrieval: DBMS allows for efficient data access and retrieval
by providing indexing and query optimization techniques that speed up data retrieval.
Concurrency and maintained Atomicity : That means, if some operation is performed
on one particular table of the database, then the change must be reflected for the
entire database.
Reduction in data Redundancy: When working with a structured database, DBMS
provides the feature to prevent the input of duplicate items in the database. for e.g. –
If there are two same students in different rows, then one of the duplicate data will be
deleted.
 WHAT IS “RDBMS” ?
• RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems. A database is an organized
collection of data stored in a computer system and usually controlled by a database
management system (DBMS). The data in common databases is modeled in tables, making
querying and processing efficient.
• A relational database is the most popular type of database that stores and provides access to data
points that are related to one another. In relational databases, data is arranged and stored in tables
consisting of columns and rows. And of course, you have the intuitive and flexible Structured Query
Language to manipulate databases.
 OBJECTS OF AN “RDBMS”

• The objects of RDBMS are:-

 Tables: - A table is a set of data elements values that is
XX XX XX XX
organized using a model of vertical columns which are
/ / / /
identified by their name and horizontal rows.
/ / / /
 Columns or Fields or Attributes: A column is a set of
/ / / /
data values of a particular simple type, one for each row
of the table. The columns provide the structure
according to which the rows are composed.
 Queries:- A query is used to retrieve the desired
information from the database. In simple terms it is a
question asked by database.
 Rows or Records or Tuples: A row also called a
Record or Tuple represents a single, data item in a table.
In simple terms, a database table can be visualized as
consisting of rows and columns or fields.
 DATA MODEL
• A data model is a conceptual framework used to organize and structure data,
defining how data is connected and how it is processed and stored within a
system. It provides a clear and organized way to represent data elements and
their relationships, facilitating the creation of efficient and accurate databases1
The conceptual data model offers a high-level view of the data, focusing on the
business concepts and rules.
The logical data model provides a more detailed representation of the data,
including the structure of the data elements and the relationships between them.
The physical data model describes how the data will be stored in the database,
including the specific DBMS, storage details, and performance tuning. It includes
tables, columns, primary keys, foreign keys, and other database-specific
properties. This model is used for the actual implementation of the database
 “RDBMS” KEY FEATURES

• Structured and interrelated data

• Multi-user access
• ACID support
• Ease of use
 RELATIONSHIP WITH TABLES
• In a relational database, a relationship is formed by correlating rows belonging to
different tables. A table relationship is established when a child table defines a
Foreign Key column that references the Primary Key column of its parent table.
• Every database table relationship is, therefore, built on top of Foreign Key columns,
and there can be three table relationship types:
∆ one-to-many is the most common relationship, and it associates a row from a
parent table to multiple rows in a child table.
∆ one-to-one requires the child table Primary Key to be associated via a Foreign Key
with the parent table Primary Key column.
∆ many-to-many requires a link table containing two Foreign Key columns that
reference the two different parent tables.
 QUERIES
• SQL has its own querying methods to interact with the database. These
queries work similarly to Relational Algebra that we study in mathematics.
In the database, we have tables participating in relational Algebra.
• Relational Database systems are expected to be equipped with a query
language that assists users to query the database. Relational Query
Language is used by the user to communicate with the database user
requests for the information from the database. Relational algebra breaks
the user requests and instructs the DBMS to execute the requests. It is the
language by which the user communicates with the database. They are
generally on a higher level than any other programming language. These
relational query languages can be Procedural and Non-Procedural.
 REPORTS
• The core objective of every business activity is to increase revenue cost-
effectively. Every department within a company contributes to this goal, and
to measure progress, they track key performance indicators (KPIs).
• As part of their performance evaluation process, MSPs and IT departments
must also track several KPIs to show clients and stakeholders that their
services meet promised standards. IT reports are an amalgamation of these
KPIs and provide insights into the performance of an MSP or IT department.
They also provide detailed insights into IT operations, performance of tools,
teams and projects, and help uncover areas for improvement.
• While MSPs and internal IT can track hundreds of metrics, keeping tabs on all
of them is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Besides, not all metrics
provide value. For a report to be valuable and impactful, MSPs and internal IT
teams should identify key metrics and track them regularly.
 Forms in DBMS
• In database management systems (DBMS), normal forms are a series
of guidelines that help to ensure that the design of a database is
efficient, organized, and free from data anomalies.
• Advantages of Normal Form
i. Reduced data redundancy: Normalization helps to eliminate
duplicate data in tables, reducing the amount of storage space
needed and improving database efficiency.
ii. Improved data consistency: Normalization ensures that data is
stored in a consistent and organized manner, reducing the risk of
data inconsistencies and errors.
iii. Simplified database design: Normalization provides guidelines
for organizing tables and data relationships, making it easier to
design and maintain a database.
 Report Generation in DBMS
• A computer program is referred to as a report generator. The purpose of this
computer program is to accept information or data from the database,
spreadsheet, or XML stream which are the source, and then utilize the data for
producing a structured composition satisfying the readership of a specific
human. The process in which reports are made by using a tool for users related
to business is called report generation and the software used for this method
is known as a report generator. For producing reports, a report generator is
more proficient and suitable as compared to excel.
• Features of Report Generator:
1.For every phase of report generation, the report generator is user-friendly and
effective.
2.From numerous sources of data, report generators can easily extract information.
3.Report generator operators with real-time work. The reports are automatically
generated after arranging templates and report the frequency of annual,
quarterly, monthly, and day to day reports and are sent to the email address
that is set.
4.Report generator supports the reuse of templates to generate reports
 Importance of Data Integrity in
RDBMS
• Data integrity helps ensure that the data stored in your
database can be found and linked to other data. This
guarantees that your entire data set can be recovered and
searched whenever needed. It strengthens the stability of data,
offers optimum performance, and makes it reusable and
maintained easily.
• Here are some examples of data integrity at risk:
• An attempt to enter a phone number in the wrong format.
• A developer accidentally tries to insert the data into the wrong
table while transferring data between two databases.
• An attempt to delete a record in a table, but another table
references that record as part of a relationship.
• A user accidentally tries to enter a phone number into a date field.
 Summary & Conclusion
• Title: Summary
• Content: Brief recap of DBMS, RDBMS, its advantages,
components, and importance
• Design Tip: Use icons or visuals that recap each main
topic.
 thank
you
For giving your precious time to see my
presentation