American Period

Group-5
 What is Philippine American
Period?
• is known as the American colonial period, and began with
the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898-
1946, when the Philippines was still a colony of the
Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United
States formally recognized the independence of the
Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.
 Spanish American War
• The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, lasting
only a few months but having significant consequences. It
was rooted in the declining power of Spain, which still
controlled several colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific. In
the late 19th century, nationalist movements, particularly
in Cuba, sought independence from Spanish rule. The
U.S., influenced by its expansionist ideals and sympathy
for Cuban independence, eventually became involved.
 Spanish-American War
• The Philippine-American War broke out in 1899, as the
Americans sought to establish their control over the
Philippines. The war lasted for three years, and it resulted
in the defeat of the First Philippine Republic. The
Philippines then became a colony of the United States,
and this period saw the introduction of American culture
and traditions to the country. The Americans also
introduced a new education system, which aimed to teach
Filipinos the English language and American values.
 Causes of war
1. Cuban Independence Movement
• Cuba was a Spanish colony, and many Cubans sought
independence. The U.S. sympathized with their cause.
2. USS Maine Explosion
• In February 1898, the U.S. battleship Maine exploded in Havana
Harbor. The U.S. blamed Spain, escalating tensions.
3. Yellow Journalism
• Sensationalized newspaper reports stirred public opinion in the
U.S. in favor of war.
 Major Events
• Declaration of War - The U.S. declared war on Spain on
April 25, 1898.
• Battle of Manila Bay - The U.S. Navy defeated the Spanish
fleet in the Philippines on May 1, 1898.
• Invasion of Cuba - U.S. forces landed in Cuba in June,
winning key battles like San Juan Hill.
• Spanish Surrender - Spain surrendered in August 1898,
and the Treaty of Paris was signed in December 1898.
 Outcomes of the war
• Cuban Independence - Cuba gained independence from
Spain but remained under U.S. influence.
• Territorial Gains for the U.S. - The U.S. acquired Puerto
Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as territories.
• End of Spanish Empire - The war marked the collapse of
Spain’s overseas empire.
 Significance
• Rise of U.S. Power:
- The U.S. emerged as a global military power.
• Imperialism Debate:
- The war sparked debates in the U.S. over imperialism,
particularly regarding control over the Philippines.
 Treaty of Paris(1898)
• The Treaty of Paris, signed on
December 10, 1898, was a peace
agreement between Spain and the
United States that ended the
Spanish-American War. Under the
treaty, Cuba gained independence
from Spain, and the United States
gained possession of the Philippines,
Puerto Rico, and Guam.
• It was signed by representatives of
Spain and the United States in Paris.
 Treaty of Paris (1898)
• The Treaty signaled the end of the Spanish Empire in
America and the Pacific Ocean and marked the beginning
of an age of United States colonial power.
• In accordance to with the Protocol of Peace signed on
August 12 , 1898, Five(5) Americans and 5 Spanish
commissioners were appointed to meet in Paris to discuss
the final peace terms between Spain and the United
States.
 Commissioners

• USA • SPAIN
1. Eugenio Montero
1. Cushman Davis Rios
2. William Frye 2. Buenaventura
Abarzuza
3. Whitelaw Reid
3. Jose de Garnica
4. George Gray 4. Wenceslao Ramirez
5. William Day de Villa-Urrutia
5. Gen. Rafael Cerero
 Treaty of Paris(1898)
• The Peace Commission met in Paris from October to
December 1898 and negotiations were made.
• On December 10 1898, the treaty of Paris was signed. It
provided that Spain would surrender the Philippines to
the US for $20,000,00.
 Treaty Provision
• Gave up all rights to Cuba
• Surrendered Puerto Rico and gave up its possessions in
the West Indies
• Surrendered the island of Guam to the United States
• Surrendered the Philippines to the United States for a
payment of twenty million dollars
 The Cooper Act or The
Philippine ORGANIC ACT 1902
• Authored by Henry A.
Copper
• Also known as Philippine Bill
of 1902
• The approval of the act
coincided with the official
end of the Philippine–
American War.
 The Cooper Act or The
Philippine ORGANIC ACT 1902
• The organic act establishes a civilian government
in the Philippines Island administrated by the
United States. It approves the creation of the
Philippine commission by the president to
exercise governmental powers.
The Philippine Organic Act provided for the
creation of an elected Philippine Assembly
after that following conditions were met:
1. The cessation of the existing insurrection in the
Philippine islands
2. Completion and publication of a census
3. Two years of continued peace and recognition of the
authority of the united states of America after the
publication of the census
 Jones Law
• The Jones Law (also known as the Jones Act, the
Philippine Autonomy Act, and the Act of Congress of
August 29, 1916) was an Organic Act passed by the
United States Congress. The law replaced the Philippine
Organic Act of 1902 and acted as a constitution of the
Philippines from its enactment until 1934, when the
Tydings–McDuffie Act was passed which in turn led
eventually to the Commonwealth of the Philippines and to
independence from the United States. The Jones Law
created the first fully elected Philippine legislature.
 Jones Law

• A poster advertising the Jones

Law of 1916 "La Gloriosa Ley
Jones" "Ha sonado la hora de
la Justicia para el Pueblo
Filipino–Wilson Washington
Agosto 29, 1916 – El
Presidente Wilson há firmado
á las 10.30 de esta mañana la
Ley Jones
Jones Law

• Congressman William
Jones authored the
bill which replaced
the Philippine
Organic Act of 1902.
 Jones Law
• The law was enacted by the 64th United States Congress on
August 29, 1916, and contained the first formal and official
declaration of the United States federal government's commitment
to grant independence to the Philippines. It was a framework for a
"more autonomous government", with certain privileges reserved
to the United States to protect its sovereign rights and interests,
in preparation for the grant of independence by the United States.
The law provides that the grant of independence would come only
as soon as a stable government can be established, which was to
be determined by the United States Government itself.
 Jones Law
• The law also changed the Philippine Legislature into the
Philippines' first fully elected body and therefore made it more
autonomous of the U.S. government. The 1902 Philippine Organic
Act provided for an elected lower house the Philippine Assembly,
while the upper house the Philippine Commission was appointed.
The Jones Law provided for both houses to be elected and
changed the name of the Philippine Assembly to the House of
Representatives. The executive branch continued to be headed by
an appointed governor general of the Philippines, always an
American.
 Jones Law
• Elections were held on October 3, 1916 for the newly
created Philippine Senate. Elections to the Philippine
Assembly had already been held on June 6, 1916, and
those elected in that election were made members of the
House of Representatives by the law.
 Independence Mission
• The campaign for Philippine independence evolved
significantly after the passage of the Jones Law in 1916,
shifting from violent struggles against Spain and the
United States to peaceful negotiations. Following World
War I, the Philippine legislature established the
Independence Mission to explore ways to negotiate for
independence. The first mission was sent to the U.S. in
1918 but achieved no results due to the global situation.
Subsequent missions also failed to convince the U.S.
Congress that the conditions set by the Jones Law had
been met.
 Independence Mission
• From 1922 to 1930, efforts for independence faced
numerous challenges, particularly from American
business interests in the Philippines, which hindered any
legislative progress. Despite these setbacks, Filipinos
demonstrated a strong commitment to independence. In
1930, an Independence Congress convened in Manila and
passed a resolution advocating for the early grant of
independence to the Philippines.
THANKYOUU!