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    Reported Speech

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    Minh Nguyen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reported Speech

    Uploaded by

    Minh Nguyen
    2 views23 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2 views23 pages

    Reported Speech

    Uploaded by

    Minh Nguyen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    REPORTED SPEECH

    Group 2: Minh – My - Nha


    CONTENT

    1. WHAT IS REPORTED SPEECH

    2. STRUCTURE OF REPORTED CLAUSE

    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH

    4. MORE…

    5. PRACTICE
    1. WHAT IS REPORTED SPEECH
    1. WHAT IS REPORTED SPEECH
     Reported Speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we
    ourselves say.
     There are two main types of reported speech: Direct speech and Indirect
    speech.
     Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their
    words: Barbara said, “I didn’t realise it was midnight.”
     In indirect speech, the original speaker’s words are changed. Barbara said she hadn’t
    realised it was midnight. (In this example, I becomes she and the verb tense reflects the
    fact that time has passed since the words were spoken: didn’t realise becomes hadn’t
    realised.)

    Direct Indirect
    Speech Speech
    1. WHAT IS REPORTED SPEECH
     Reported speech consist of two parts: the reporting clause and the reported
    clause.
     The reporting clause includes a verb – reporting verb - such as say, tell, ask,
    reply, shout, usually in the past simple, and the reported clause includes what the
    original speaker said.

    Reporting Reported
    Clause Clause

    Reporting
    Verb
    2. STRUCTURE OF REPORTED CLAUSE

    Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their
    exact words. In indirect speech, the structure of the reported clause depends on
    whether the speaker is reporting a statement, a question or a command.
    2. STRUCTURE OF REPORTED CLAUSE
    REPORTING STATEMENTS
     Indirect reports of statements consist of a reporting clause and a that-
    clause. We often omit that, especially in informal situations:
     The pilot commented that the weather had been extremely bad as the
    plane came in to land. (The pilot’s words were: ‘The weather was
    extremely bad as the plane came in to land.’)
     I told my wife I didn’t want a party on my 50th birthday. (that-clause
    without that) (or I told my wife that I didn’t want a party on my 50th
    birthday.)
    2. STRUCTURE OF REPORTED CLAUSE
    REPORTING QUESTIONS

    Indirect reports of YES-NO QUESTIONS and Indirect reports of WH-QUESTIONS consist of a


    questions with or consist of a reporting reporting clause, and a reported clause
    clause and a reported clause introduced by if beginning with a wh-word (who, what, when,
    or whether. where, why, how).

    The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), NOT question form
    2. STRUCTURE OF REPORTED CLAUSE
    REPORTING COMMANDS
    Indirect reports of commands/requests consist of a reporting clause, and a
    reported clause beginning with a to-infinitive:
    The doctor said, “Get plenty of rest.”
    The doctor told me to get plenty of rest
    Or
    The doctor said to get plenty of rest
    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:

    1. Verb Tense (A back shift)


    2. Personal Pronouns, Possessives: change from first
    or second person to third person, except when the
    speaker is reporting his own words.
    3. Time & Place Expressions: Here There
    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:
    BACKSHIFT
    ‘Backshift’ (move tenses ‘back’)
    refers to the changes we make to the
    original verbs in indirect speech
    because time has passed between
    the moment of speaking and the time
    of the report.
    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:
    NO BACKSHIFT

    1. We don’t need to change the tense in indirect speech if what a person said is still true or
    relevant or has not happened yet. This often happens when someone talks about the
    future, or when someone uses the present simple, present continuous or present perfect in
    their original words:
     He told me his brother works for an Italian company. (It is still true that his
    brother works for an Italian company.)
     She said she’s getting married next year. (For the speakers, the time at the
    moment of speaking is ‘this year’.)
     He said he’s finished painting the door. (He probably said it just a short time
    ago.)
     She promised she’ll help us. (The promise applies to the future.)

    2. If Reporting Verb is in the present tense, we don't need to change the tense.
    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:

    PRONOUNS POSSESSIVES
    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:
    TIME, PLACE
    He said that he had got a guitar
    lesson that day.

    He told us to put the book there


    3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:
    MORE EXAMPLES
    4. MORE: REPORTING VERB
    SAY & TELL
    Direct Speech:
    say is more common.
    We don’t always mention the person being
    spoken to with say, but if we do mention them, we
    use a prepositional phrase with to (to me, to Lorna)
     ‘I’ll give you a ring tomorrow,’ she said.
     ‘Try to stay calm,’ she said to us in a
    low voice.
    With tell, we always mention the person being
    spoken to; we use an indirect object (underlined):
     Enjoy yourselves,’ he told them.

    Indirect Speech:
    say and tell are both common
    We don’t use an indirect object with say,
     He said he was moving to New
    Zealand.
    but we always use an indirect object (underlined)
    with tell:
     He told me he was moving to New
    Zealand.
    4. MORE: REPORTING VERB
    PRESENT SIMPLE
     We can use the reporting verb in the present  Newspaper headlines. It makes the reported
    simple in indirect speech if the original words speech more dramatic / to make you think
    are still true or relevant at the time of that news stories are happening NOW
    reporting, or if the report is of something  JUDGE TELLS REPORTER TO LEAVE
    someone often says or repeats: COURTROOM
     Sheila says they’re closing the  PRIME MINISTER SAYS FAMILIES ARE
    TOP PRIORITY IN TAX REFORM
    motorway tomorrow for repairs.
     Henry tells me he’s thinking of getting
    married next year.
     Rupert says dogs shouldn’t be allowed
    on the beach. (Rupert probably often
    repeats this statement.)
    5. PRACTICE
    5. PRACTICE
    5. PRACTICE
    5. PRACTICE

    Reported Question
    5. PRACTICE

    Reported Requests and Orders

    Direct
    1."Please help me carry this“.
    2."Please come early“.
    3."Could you please open the window?“.
    4."Would you mind lending me a pencil?“.
    5."Don't do that!"

    Indirect
    1.She asked me…
    2.She…
    3.She…
    4.She…
    5.She…
    5. PRACTICE

    More

    1. Julie…that she would join us after work. (say/tell)


    2. She…me that she was going running this evening. (say/tell)
    3. “I saw Paul with my sister at the party last night”, Susan said
    to me. Susan said to me…
    4. “I’m going to play tennis with my father tomorrow morning”, he
    said. He said …
    5. “How long have you been waiting for the bus here?”, he
    asked us. He asked ….

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