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    Direct and Indirect Speech

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    Farros ibrahim
    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. [1] Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and changes pronouns, tense, and other elements. [2] There are five basic rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech: dropping quotation marks, adding "that", changing tense, modifying pronouns if needed, and adjusting time references. [3] Examples are provided to illustrate applying these rules and the differences between direct and indirect speech.

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    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    Farros ibrahim
    86 views8 pages
    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. [1] Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and changes pronouns, tense, and other elements. [2] There are five basic rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech: dropping quotation marks, adding "that", changing tense, modifying pronouns if needed, and adjusting time references. [3] Examples are provided to illustrate applying these rules and the differences between direct and indirect speech.

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    ringkasan tentang perbedaan antara direct speech dan indirect speech

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    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. [1] Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and changes pronouns, tense, and other elements. [2] There are five basic rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech: dropping quotation marks, adding "that", changing tense, modifying pronouns if needed, and adjusting time references. [3] Examples are provided to illustrate applying these rules and the differences between direct and indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    86 views8 pages

    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    Farros ibrahim
    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. [1] Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and changes pronouns, tense, and other elements. [2] There are five basic rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech: dropping quotation marks, adding "that", changing tense, modifying pronouns if needed, and adjusting time references. [3] Examples are provided to illustrate applying these rules and the differences between direct and indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    DIRECT AND INDIRECT

    SPEECH

    BY :
    1. FARROS
    2. GHINA
    3. IRUL
    4. PINKY
    5. NAMITA
    Direct and indirect speech

     English language has 2 ways to narrate the spoken-words of person, these 2


    ways are :
    1. Indirect speeh
    2. Direct speech
    Understanding direct and indirect speech -
    differences

     Direct speech : in direct speech, the actual words of speaker are quoted.
    The actual words are enclosed in inverted Commas or Quotation marks.
    There is always comma or colon after “said” that introduces the spoken-
    word
     Example :
    Yusup says,” I’m sorry,man “
    Farros said,” English is not important for me to learn “
     Indirect speech : in indirect speech, the actual words of speaker are
    changed. The reason of that is the actual words have been spoken by
    speaker in the past, Hence narrating the actual words in the present will
    require change in the tense and also the pronoun of it. In indirect speech
    ,the spoken words are not enclosed by inverted commas or quotation mark
    and we need to put “that” before the spoken words.
     Example :
    direct speech : Yusup said,” I’m really sorry “
    indirect speech : Yusup said that he was really sorry.
     Before learning he rules for conversation of direct speech into indirect
    speech, we need to learn the following 2 components of sentence of
    direct speech :
     Reporting verb : the verb of first sentence ( they said, he said, she said, she
    says, etc ) before the actual words of the speaker is called reporting verb
    example :
    irul said,”I have done the English assigntment”
    namita says,”I don’t need money to live”
     reported speech : the second sentence(actual words of speaker) that is
    enclosed in inverted commas or quotation mark.
    example :
    irul said,”I have done the English assigntment”
    namita says,”I don’t need money to live”
    Basic Rules of indirect speech :
     Rule 1 : words of speaker(reported speech) are not enclosed in inverted
    commas or quotation mark in indirect speech
     Rule 2 : usage of word “that”, this conjunction is always used between
    reporting verb and reported speech.
     Rule 3 : change in tense of the reported speech : a change is made in tense
    of reported speech for changing a direct speech into indirect speech. If
    the reporting verb (first sentence) is either a simple present or future tense,
    no change of tense will be made in reported speech for making indirect
    speech, example :
    Direct speech : Irul said, “ I have done the English assignment”
    Indirect speech : irul said that he had done the English assignment.

    Direct speech : namita says,”I don’t need money to live”


    Indirect speech : namita says that she doesn’t need money to live.
    Basic rules of indirect speech :
     Rule 4 : changes in pronoun :
    the pronoun (or subject) in reported speech is sometime changed
    according the pronoun or the object in reported verb (first sentence of direct
    speech). The possessive pronoun(his,her,my,your,their,etc) may also change
    according to the first sentence in direct speech, example :
    Direct speech : pingky said,” I want to borrow your book “
    Indirect speech : pingky said that she wanted to borrow my book.

    Direct speech : ghina said,” I am really sad, my cat has just died
    :(((((((((((((((((((((( “
    Indirect speech : ghina said that she was really sad, her cat had just died.
    Basic rules of indirect speech :
     Rule no 5 : change in time, if there is time mentioned in sentence of the
    direct speech, the time will be changed in indirect speech. There are
    certain rules changing the time,( tomorrow into next day, today into that
    day, yesterday into previous day, and so on.
    example :
    Direct speech : farros said,”I wont eat any food today”
    Indirect speech : farros said the he wouldn’t eat any food that day.

    Direct speech : irul said,” I meet Mr. Jumiran at the cinema yesterday”
    Indirect speech : irul said that he met Mr. Jumiran at the cinema the previous
    day

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