Philo Week 6

Lesson 6:
Freedom of Human
Person
Learning Objectives:
Learning Objectives:
• Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices.
• Realize that:
a. Choice have consequences.
b. Some things are given up while others are obtained
in making choices.
• Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice.
What is Freedom?
• The human capacity to act (or not to act) as we choose or

prefer without any external compulsion or restraint.
• It is an intrinsic and essential property of a person.
• An important indication of human freedom is the ability to
make choices and perform actions. Our freedom to act sets
us apart from other beings.
ANIMALS
• RESPOND TO COMMANDS
• TRAINED AND CONDITIONED TO PERFORM
• ACT INSTINCTIVELY
(ACTIONS ARE PREDETERMINED RESPONSES
TO CERTAIN STIMULI)
HUMAN PERSON
CAN CHOOSE THE COURSE OF ACTION TO TAKE WHEN
GIVE A STIMULUS OR FACE WITH A CERTAIN SITUATION.
EXAMPLE: TASK OF CLEANING YOUR ROOM
ARISTOTLE (THE POWER OF
VOLITION)
• VOLITION IN THIS SENSE IS THE FACULTY
OR POWER TO USE OR DISCHARGE ONE’S
WILL
• If there were no intellect, there would be no
will. The will of humanity is an instrument of
free choice. It is within the power of
everyone to be good or bad or worth or
worthless.
• The happiness of every human being is in his
own hands, to preserve and develop or to
cast away.
• For Aristotle a human being is rational.
Reason is a divine characteristic. If there
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (Freedom
is spirituality and love)
• Freedom for St. Thomas is that manner in which intellectual
beings seek universal goodness. It is a condition of the will
arising from our nature being in the kind of world that we
inhabit.
• St. Thomas considers human beings as a moral agent.
• Our spirituality separates us from animals; it delineates the
moral dimension of our fulfillment in an action. Through our
spirituality, we have a conscience. Whether we choose to be
“good or evil becomes our responsibility.
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS ( Freedom
is spirituality and love)
• St. Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologica)
• establishes the existence of God as a first cause. And as
God’s creations, humans have the unique power to change
themselves and things around them for the better.
• We have a conscience because of our spirituality
Jean Paul Sarte (Individual
Freedom)
• Existentialism is a philosophical movement known for its
inquiry on human existence, which means “ to exist.”
• For Sartre, the human person builds the road to the
destiny of his/her choosing; he/she the creator.
• Sartre’s Existentialism stems from this principle: existence
precedes essences.
• Sartre emphasizes the importance of free individual
choice, regardless of the power of other people to
influence and coerce our desires, beliefs, and decisions.
Jean Paul Sarte (Individual
Freedom)
Freedom means exercising our capacity
to make decision, change our life path
and direct the course of our lives through
our own steering.
Freedom is something that is exercised
through our CHOICES
Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
and John Locke (Theory of Social Contract)
• They define the freedom of an individual in the context of

having a government to rule them (contract), which is the
basis of notions of moral obligations and duty.
• Social Contract- an agreement where individuals sacrifice an
amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority.
• It is a necessity that we must assure for the government and
people to work as one. From this understanding also arises
the certainty that we have freedom.
Is the mandatory use of face mask and face
shield a violation our freedom
“Man is born free and
everywhere he is chains’’
Jean Jacques Rousseau

1. Physical Freedom
Refers to the absence of any PHYSICAL RESTRAINT. The
person has the freedom of mobility to go where he/she
wants to go.
1. Physical Freedom
1. Physical Freedom
2. Physical Freedom
• Also called as “ freedom of choice”
• The person is free to perform actions that he/she considers right and wise.
A person is also free to act or not to act.
• Psychological freedom is INNATE and CANNOT BE DENIED AS A PERSON.
Example:
1. Freedom to choose your girlfriend or boyfriend.
2. Freedom to choose your strand in SHS.
3. Freedom to choose your best friend.
4. Freedom to be what you want to be.
3. Moral Freedom
• Using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity

and goodness.
Example:
1.Participating in Brigada Eskwela
2.Doing charitable works
3.Participating volunteer
Identify which kind of freedom is being
referred or violated on the following images.
Freedom of choice/Psychological
Freedom
Moral Freedom
Physical Freedom
Moral Freedom
Positive and Negative
Freedom
Absolute Freedom
No form of hindrance that would prevent
from doing what you want
Should freedom be absolute?
Definitely NO – freedom always had its limitations.
Freedom is always coupled with RESPONSIBILITY.
RECAP
Activity #1
Directions: Read the given situation in each item. How will you
demonstrate prudence in the following scenarios? Write your
answer on one whole sheet of paper.
1. A friend is inviting you to attend a party tonight. But then, you

have a midterm exam tomorrow morning. What will you do?
2. You have won a raffle ticket worth P20,000.00. What will you do
with your winning?
3. A friend invited you to attend a religious gathering. You have a

different religious belief. Would you accept the invitation or not?
How would you handle the situation?
Activity #1A
I. Directions: Write True or False. Write the word True if the statement is correct
and write the word False if the statement conveys otherwise. Write your answer on
one whole sheet of paper.
1. Human actions are always conceived intellectually.
2. According to Aristotle, Acts of man are actions that are deliberately done.
3. Freedom and obligation are two distinct philosophical concepts.
4. A person is totally responsible for an action even if he acted with an impaired
conscience.
5. A choice is made for freedom if the person totally knows the kind of choice
he makes even though unsure of the consequences.
6. Intellectual choice usually refers to answers for hypothetical moral issues.
7. Practical choice usually pertains to choices for an actual moral dilemma.
8. Freedom is present in the Acts of Man.
9. Involuntary actions are excused from the moral examination.
10. Without freedom, obligation does not exist.
II. Questions: What are your considerations in saying that
you made the “best decision?”
(5 Points)
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Lesson 6:

• The human capacity to act (or not to act) as we choose or

• They define the freedom of an individual in the context of

Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity

1. A friend is inviting you to attend a party tonight. But then, you

3. A friend invited you to attend a religious gathering. You have a

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