Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 6 views

    Geosphere

    Uploaded by

    marifosquelouise

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Geosphere

    Uploaded by

    marifosquelouise
    6 views23 pages

    Original Title

    Geosphere Copy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views23 pages

    Geosphere

    Uploaded by

    marifosquelouise

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Geosphere

    Understandi
    ng Earth’s
    Solid
    Component
    s
    Definition: The geosphere
    is the solid part of the Earth,
    encompassing the rocks,
    minerals, and landforms.

    Components/layers:
    Crust, mantle, core.
    Layers of the Geosphere

    Crust:
    Description: Thin outer layer,
    consists of continental and
    oceanic crust.
    Mantle:
    Description: Thick layer made of
    semi-solid rock; convection
    currents here drive plate
    tectonics.

    Core:
    Description: Inner and outer core,
    made primarily of iron and nickel.
    Composition of the Geosphere

    Minerals: Building blocks of rocks;


    examples (quartz, feldspar).
    Rocks: Types: igneous,
    sedimentary, metamorphic.
    Soil: Importance in ecosystems
    and agriculture.
    Geosphere

    Weathering and Erosion:


    Breakdown and transport of rocks.
    Plate Tectonics: Movement of
    Earth’s plates; causes
    earthquakes and volcanic activity.
    Rock Cycle: The continuous
    process of rock formation and
    transformation.
    Geosphere and Human Impact

    Mining: Extraction of minerals


    and fossil fuels.
    Land Use Changes:
    Urbanization, agriculture, and
    deforestation.
    Natural Disasters: Earthquakes
    and volcanic eruptions and their
    effects on humans.
    Importance of the Geosphere

    Ecosystems: Provides habitat


    for living organisms.
    Resources: Source of minerals,
    fossil fuels, and fertile soil.
    Climate Regulation: Influences
    weather patterns and climate.
    vital for life on Earth,
    influencing ecosystems,
    resources, and human
    activities.

    Future Considerations:
    Sustainable practices to
    protect the geosphere.
    Layers of the
    Earth

    Exploring
    Earth's
    Structure
    The Structure of the
    Earth
    Main Layers:
    1. Crust
    2. Mantle
    3. Outer Core
    4. Inner Core
    The Crust
    Description:
    The outermost layer,
    relatively thin.
    Composed of
    continental (land) and
    oceanic (sea) crust.
    Thickness: 5-70 km
    (varies between
    oceanic and
    continental).
    Types of Crust:
    Continental Crust:
    Thicker (30-70 km), composed
    mainly of granite.

    Oceanic Crust
    Thinner (5-10 km), composed
    mainly of basalt.
    Characteristics: Solid and rigid;
    forms the Earth's surface.
    crust, much thicker
    than the crust.
    Composed of semi-
    solid rock that flows
    slowly.
    Thickness: About
    2,900 km.
    Subdivisions: Upper
    mantle and lower
    mantle.
    Upper Mantle
    Description:
    Extends from the base of the crust to
    about 660 km deep.
    Composed of semi-solid rock that flows
    slowly.
    Asthenosphere:
    A sub-layer within the upper mantle
    (about 100-400 km deep). Weak and
    ductile; allows for the movement
    of tectonic plates.
    Lower Mantle
    Description:
    Extends from 660 km to 2,900 km
    deep.
    Composed of denser, more solid rock.

    Characteristics:
    Higher pressure and temperature
    compared to the upper mantle.
    Less ductile than the upper
    mantle.
    The Outer Core
    Description:
    Liquid layer composed
    mainly of iron and
    nickel.
    Generates Earth’s
    magnetic field through
    convection currents.
    Thickness: About
    2,200 km.
    Description:
    Solid center of the
    Earth, composed
    primarily of iron and
    nickel.
    Extremely hot (up to
    5,700°C).
    Radius: About 1,220
    km
    Importance of Each Layer
    Crust: Habitat for living
    organisms.
    Mantle: Drives plate tectonics
    and geological activity.
    Outer Core: Essential for
    generating Earth’s magnetic field.
    Inner Core: Stabilizes Earth's
    rotation and provides heat.
    The Mohorovičić discontinuity,
    commonly known as the "Moho," is
    located at the boundary between the
    Earth's crust and the underlying mantle.

    Significance: The Moho marks a change in


    the composition of materials; above it, you
    find lighter rocks like granite (continental
    crust) and basalt (oceanic crust), while
    below it, the mantle consists of denser
    silicate minerals.
    Discovery: The Moho was first
    identified in the early 20th century
    through the study of seismic waves,
    which travel at different speeds
    through different materials.

    The Mohorovičić discontinuity, or


    "Moho," was discovered by Croatian
    seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić in
    1909.

    You might also like