The Proclamation Philippine Independence

The Proclamation of
Philippine Dependence
Introduction
Every year, the country

commemorates the
anniversary of the
Philippine Independence
proclaimed on 12 June
1898, in the province of
Cavite.
Indeed, such event is a significant turning point in the history
of the country because it signaled the end of the 333 years of
Spanish colonization. There have been numerous studies
done on the events leading to the Independence of the
country but very few students had the chance to read the
actual document of the declaration
The declaration was a short
2000-word document, which
summarized the reason
behind the revolution against
Spain, the war for
Independence, and the
future of the new republic
under Emilio Aguinaldo. The
proclamation commenced
with a characterization of the
conditions in the Philippines
during the Spanish colonial
The proclamation
commenced with a
characterization of the
conditions in the
Philippines during the
Spanish colonial period.
The document specifically
mentioned abuses and
inequalities in the colony.
The declaration says…
“taking into consideration, that their inhabitants being
already weary of bearing the ominous yoke of Spanish
domination, on account of the arbitrary arrests and harsh
treatment practiced by the Civil Guard to the extent of
causing death with the connivance and even with the
express orders of their commanders, who sometimes went to
the extreme of ordering the shooting of prisoners under the
pretext that they were attempting to escape, violation of the
provisions of the Regulations of their Corps, which abuses
where unpunished and on account of deportations, especially
those decreed by General Blanco, of eminent personages
and of high social position, at the instigation of the
The document contains necessary dates on
the past. It mentioned the date when the
Katipuneros started the revolution in 1896 to
regain the independence and sovereignty of
the country taken by Spanish through the
leading of Governor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
coming into the order of King Philip II,
continued the course of Ferdinand Magellan,
a Spanish voyager who died in Mactan, Cebu
during the revolt of Filipinos that was headed
by Datu Lapu-Lapu, against the invasion of
Spaniards.
HOW DID THE PHILIPPINES GAIN
INDEPENDE?
The revolutionary movement
against Spanish that was
initiated by Don Emilio Aguinaldo
in 1898 was one of the most
prominent events mentioned in
the Proclamation of Philippine
Independence.
The Biak-na-Bato Pack
In December 14, 1898, Emilio
Aguinaldo established his
headquarters in Biak-na-Bato in
Bulacan Province. This event roused
the spirits of the revolutionaries and
became a starting point of a ceasefire
between Spanish and Filipino
revolutionaries.
Aguinaldo and Spanish forces agreed

to grant self-rule to the Philippines in
three years, requiring Aguinaldo to
surrender his arms and leave the
country in exchange of P800,000 in
amnesty. After receiving half of the
amnesty, Aguinaldo went exile. The
revolutionaries doubted the sincerity
of Spanish and did not surrender their
The Battle of Alapan
Aguinaldo while away in Hongkong,
later to Singapore, made
arrangements with the American
Commodore George Dewey, about
his return to the Philippines and to
assist the U.S in the war against
Spain.
In May 19, 1898, Aguinaldo returned

to the Philippines to initiate the new
revolution against the Spain. A
wildfire revolution spread on May 28
in towns of Cavite, and other
provinces of Bataan, Pampanga,
Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, and
Morong. This event assured the
victory of the revolutionaries against
Spaniards.
On June 12, 1898, an event took place between
four and five in the afternoon at the ancestral
home of Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite. The Act of
Declaration of Philippine Independence which is
written by Ambrosio R. Bautista was read. It
was also the day when the unfurling of the
Philippine Flag happened, as well as the playing
of Marcha Filipina Magdalo (composed by Prof.
Juan Felipe) which eventually become the
Philippine National Anthem, Lupang Hinirang
(lyrics composed by Prof. Jose I. Palma)
Other events highlighted in the document:
• The execution of Rizal in Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the

Execution of GOMBURZA were also mentioned in the
document.
• It also stated about the established republic that would
be led by Aguinaldo and highlighted the explanation of
the Philippine flag that was first waved on that day.
There were however things that were not
included and they were as follows:
 The more serious problem known as the land and agrarian
crisis which might affected the Filipinos more profoundly
Possible cause: Those who struggle might be unfamiliar to the middle

class and revolutionary leaders or were intentionally left out because
they were landholders.
 There was no mention about Bonifacio and his co-founders.

Even the Katipunan was also mentioned once in the document.
Possible cause: The enmity between Aguinaldo’s Magdalo and

Bonifacio’s Magdiwang in the Katipunan.
Analysis of the
Document
The document emphasized the struggles
faced by the Filipinos due to the abusive,
discriminative and self-righteous surveillance
of the friars and Civil Guards at times of the
ruling of Spanish colony. It mentioned
significant events in the Philippine history
and how those events yield a society that is
invested in activism and revolutionism.
Despite its biases, the declaration
emphasizes the importance of primary
sources, self-reliance, and the right to live in
Without moral
and intellectual
independence,
there is no
anchor for
national
independence
- David Ben-
References
Alinas, et. Al. (2016). Reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”. Retrieved from:
https://www.studucou.com/ph/document/university-of-perpetual-help-system-jonelta/business-ethicscorporate-
social-responsibility-csr/the-proclamation-of-the-Philippine-independence/27183705
Philippine History. Pack of Biak na Bato. Retrived from: https://www.Philippine-historory.org/biak-na-
bato.htm#:~:text=lt%20was%20signed%20on%November,and%20the%20right%20toeducation.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britanicca. Emilio Aguinaldo. Retrieved from:

https://www.Britannica.com/biography/Emilio-Aguinaldo
Catane. (2024). Philippine Declaration of Independence. Retrived from:
https://en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence
Catane. (2024). Philippine Declaration of Independence. Retrived from: https:
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The Proclamation of

Every year, the country

Aguinaldo and Spanish forces agreed

In May 19, 1898, Aguinaldo returned

• The execution of Rizal in Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the

Possible cause: Those who struggle might be unfamiliar to the middle

 There was no mention about Bonifacio and his co-founders.

Possible cause: The enmity between Aguinaldo’s Magdalo and

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britanicca. Emilio Aguinaldo. Retrieved from:

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