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    This document describes a study examining the aerodynamic efficiency of sport motorcycle designs. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and wind tunnel testing of scale motorcycle models to analyze how design features affect drag coefficients. Initial 2D CFD analysis showed fairings reduced drag by lowering the coefficient from 0.375 to 0.243. Further wind tunnel testing with a molded rider found drag coefficients varied between 0.84-1.11 based on velocity. Future work proposed designing optimized fairings and components using 3D CFD and rapid prototyping to minimize drag.

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    Senior Presentation Old Format

    Uploaded by

    kos
    211 views14 pages
    This document describes a study examining the aerodynamic efficiency of sport motorcycle designs. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and wind tunnel testing of scale motorcycle models to analyze how design features affect drag coefficients. Initial 2D CFD analysis showed fairings reduced drag by lowering the coefficient from 0.375 to 0.243. Further wind tunnel testing with a molded rider found drag coefficients varied between 0.84-1.11 based on velocity. Future work proposed designing optimized fairings and components using 3D CFD and rapid prototyping to minimize drag.

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    This document describes a study examining the aerodynamic efficiency of sport motorcycle designs. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and wind tunnel testing of scale motorcycle models to analyze how design features affect drag coefficients. Initial 2D CFD analysis showed fairings reduced drag by lowering the coefficient from 0.375 to 0.243. Further wind tunnel testing with a molded rider found drag coefficients varied between 0.84-1.11 based on velocity. Future work proposed designing optimized fairings and components using 3D CFD and rapid prototyping to minimize drag.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    211 views14 pages

    Senior Presentation Old Format

    Uploaded by

    kos
    This document describes a study examining the aerodynamic efficiency of sport motorcycle designs. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and wind tunnel testing of scale motorcycle models to analyze how design features affect drag coefficients. Initial 2D CFD analysis showed fairings reduced drag by lowering the coefficient from 0.375 to 0.243. Further wind tunnel testing with a molded rider found drag coefficients varied between 0.84-1.11 based on velocity. Future work proposed designing optimized fairings and components using 3D CFD and rapid prototyping to minimize drag.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    By Kos Barsukov

    The Task
     The Problem:
     When designing motorcycles
    aerodynamic efficiency is often sacrificed
    for style and comfort
     Because the shapes are so inefficient,
    minute changes can substantially
    decrease drag and increase top speed.

     Goals:
    Examine the design features of a sport
    motorcycle and quantify their affect on
    the drag coefficient of a motorcycle.
     Design features which produce less drag
    without decreasing function
    The Plan
     Examine the aerodynamic characteristics of motorcycles
    using simple 2D CFD models
     Examine the aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/9 scale
    motorcycle model in the wind tunnel by using drag
    measurements and particle image velocimetry.
     Design a detailed 3D CFD model based on the 1/9 the scale
    model and use CFD to quantify how different features
    contribute to drag.
     Design an optimal set of fairings, construct scale models
    using rapid prototyping and test them on the 1/9th scale
    model to determine effect on drag.
    Results
     2D CFD models were created based on 1/9th scale models of a
    Ducati Monster and Yamaha YZR M1.
    Drag coefficient was determined by the formula :
    2F
    Cd =
    AρV 2 Where F is the drag force, A is the frontal area, p is
    the air density, and V is the velocity

    Drag force can be calculated in two ways--


    by measuring the pressure acting on the frontal area, and by
    measuring the change in velocity of air as it reflects from the
    surface.
     Because of complicated surfaces involved in motorcycles, this
    calculation was performed in Cosmos Flow Works, using finite
    element analysis
    • Models of a faired and unfaired motorcycle were tested
    • The ambient conditions were set at 293.2 K, 101.325kpa.
    • Wind speed was set at 44 m/s, approximately 100 mph
    • Both models showed high pressures in front where air was being
    pushed away
    • The pressure differential between the front and rear causes
    pressure drag
     Due to the fairing and lower riding position the faired bike caused a
    flow that separated later, thus causing a lower Cd
     Air flowing over the top of the rider was sped up in order to
    recombine with the rest of the flow at the back of the wake.

    Cd=.375 Cd=.243
     Without the rider the unfaired bike’s Cd decreased by 2.9% to
    .365
     The faired bike’s Cd increased by 38.2% to .336, signifying that
    on faired bikes the rider plays an important aerodynamic role.
     The edge of the windscreen caused flow separation to happen
    much earlier
    Drag Cd
    force
    (N)

     Drag decreased if
    modifications to the front of
    the model caused the flow to
    separate later
    774000 0.610 0.243  Changes to the back of the
    motorcycle had no effect on
    drag when they were in the
    turbulent region
     2D analysis is limited because
    885000 0.612 0.244 it does not allow modeling of
    air going around the sides of
    motorcycles
     Cannot test effects of
    mufflers, mirrors, turn signals,
    774000 0.610 Re side fairings

    166000 0.444 0.177


    Wind Tunnel Testing
     Tested at 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 Hz
     Molded rider for accurate
    measurements
     T=23 degrees Celsius
     Frontal area = 67.77 cm2 , calculated
    from a frontal picture traced in Solid
    Works
     Bike mounted close to the bottom
    plate to simulate movement over a
    road
    Varying Cd
     Frontal are of full size motorcycle calculated to be .55 m2
     Drag force calculated by Fd=1/2Cd*ρ*V2 *A
     Variation in Cd happened in a test where the motorcycle wheels
    were on the plate, and one where the motorcycle was 1 centimeter
    above the plate.
     Cd was high for a motorcycle because the rider was not placed in
    full tucking position

    V for a full
    Drag size
    Force motorcyle
    Hz V (N) Cd Re (mph)
    Velocity in
    (m/s) (mph)
    15 9.556 0.414215 21.377 1.110897 138808.3 2.375
    25 18.689 1.296999 41.806 0.909514 271459.4 4.645
    35 27.373 2.703125 61.232 0.883611 397596.1 6.804
    45 35.966 4.5212 80.455 0.856059 522413.8 8.939
    55 44.279 6.736618 99.053 0.841518 643174.6 11.006
    Power calculations for a full size
    motorcycle of this shape

    Cd= 0.865

    Power
    Drag Force Required
    V (mph) V (m/s) (N) (kw) Power (hp)
    30 13.4112 51.55504 0.691415 0.927203
    55 24.5872 173.2822 4.260525 5.713457
    75 33.528 322.219 10.80336 14.48754
    85 37.9984 413.8724 15.72649 21.08957
    100 44.704 572.8338 25.60796 34.34084
    110 49.1744 693.1289 34.0842 45.70765
    120 53.6448 824.8806 44.25056 59.34096
    130 58.1152 968.0891 56.26069 75.44682
    150 67.056 1288.876 86.42687 115.9003
    185 82.7024 1960.524 162.14 217.4333
    200 89.408 2291.335 204.8637 274.7267
    3D CFD model
     Models air flow around all sides of the motorcycle
     Allows to more accurately determine pressure points
     More accurately models ground effect
    Surface Pressure Plot
     High pressure
    points on wheel,
    radiator, and fork
    tubes cause drag
     Fairings can be
    added to the model
    to reduce drag.
     At 25 m/s, drag
    force was 0.46 N,
    Cd=0.36
    Future Plans
     Make 3d models of fairings, exhaust, wind screen, blinkers and
    rider and test how they affect Cd

     Design optimized features to minimized drag

     Create these features using rapid prototyping and test them on the
    scale model in the wind tunnel.

     Design a full fairing system that minimizes drag without sacrificing


    function or style.

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