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    CHOLERA

    Uploaded by

    Wezzy Sinkala
    Cholera diarrhea diseases

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CHOLERA

    Uploaded by

    Wezzy Sinkala
    1 views10 pages
    Cholera diarrhea diseases

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Cholera diarrhea diseases

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1 views10 pages

    CHOLERA

    Uploaded by

    Wezzy Sinkala
    Cholera diarrhea diseases

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    CHOLERA

    GROUP ONE COP


    INTRODUCTION

     Cholera is an acute epidemic bacterial infectious


    disease.It is characterized by watery diarrhea,
    extreme loos of fluids, electrolytes and severe
    dehydration.
     The disease has a short incubation period of 18
    hours-5 days.
     Due to severe dehydration,fatality rates are high wen
    untreated especially among children and infants
     Death can occur within hours as the disease is fatal.
    CAUSATIVE AGENT
     Cholera is caused by a bacterium Vibrio cholerae
    which was discovered in 1883
     The German bacteriologist Robert Koch studied the
    disease during an epidemic in Egypt.He found a
    bacterium in the intestines of those who had died of
    cholera.but could neither isolate the organism nor
    infect animals with it.
     He later succeeded in in isolating the bacteria in
    india.He discovered that they thrive in damp,dirty
    linen and moist earth and in stools of patients with
    the disease.
     The vibrio cholarae bacteria live in shallow in
    microscopic crustaceans.

    EPIDEMIOLOGY
     Starting from 2003 there has been a progressive
    increase in yearly incidence of cholera in the
    country.In 2010,6794 cases and 115 deaths of the
    disease were reported with Lusaka province
    accounting to 85% of the total cases.
     Outbreaks usually start during the rainy season and
    are confined with the peri-urban areas of
    Lusaka,luapula southern and copperbelt provinces.
     In 2017 an acute outbreak of cholera was declared
    in Zambia after laboratory confirmation of vibrio
    cholera biotype EL Tor from stool specimens from
    two patients with acute watery diarrhea
     Every year approximately 3-5 million cholera cases
    occur worldwide.The number of cholea cases
    MODE OF TRANSMISSION

     Vibrio cholera is transmitted between humans


    through the faecal-oral route
     Eating or drinking contaminated food and water can
    cause infection
     Eating of undercooked shellfish that is infected with
    the bacteria
     Lastly person to person infection though it is rare.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    When the bacteria is ingested it reaches the small


    intestines where it releases an enterotoxin that
    induces the enterocytes to release more water and
    electrolytes in the intestines,which then results in
    watery diahrrea
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CHOLERA

     Large profuse watery diarrhea


     Vomiting
     Dry mouth
     Lethargy
     Excessive thirst
     Sunken eyes
     Reduced urine output
     Low blood pressure
     Rapid pulse
    DIAGNOSIS

     Stool and rectal swabs for culture


     Blood culture
    TREATMENT

     Re-hydration to replace the lost fluid and


    electrolytes
     Drugs –doxycycline as a single dose
     Tetracycline-
     Erythromycin
     Chloramphenicol
    PREVENTION AND CONTROL

     Chlorinating public water and boiling water


     Healthy education
     Washing hands with soap and water after using the
    toilet
     Avoid flies by covering food
     Avoid eating street fresh foods
     Good sanitation and personal hygiene

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