5.conservation of Plants and Animals Class 8 Science

5.
Conservation of
Plants and Animals
Biology
GRADE - 8 - TERM - 2
PRESENTATION
The Earth contains variety of natural resources, and they are essential
for the survival of mankind.
However, with the increasing human population, these resources are
being depleted at a very fast rate.
Therefore there is a great need of conservation or wise use of these
resources.
Several measures are being taken to protect the environment.
well planned utilization of resources along with measures to multiply the
resources is essential to preserve biodiversity.
1 BIODIVERSITY
The great variety of all living organisms including plants,
animals, microorganisms, found on earth, their
interrelationships and their relationship with the
environment is known as biodiversity or biological
diversity.
Species: A group of population, which are capable of

interbreeding with each other and reproduce a fertile or
viable offspring within their population, is called a
species. Members of a species have common
characteristics.
1 BIODIVERSITY
Ecosystem: All the living components i.e., plants, animals
and microorganisms along with non living components
such as climate soil, river deltas, etc., form an ecosystem.
Different form of ecosystem interact with each other.
Wildlife: All the animals and plants living in their natural

habitats independently, away from human population
constitute the wildlife.
Flora and Fauna: The plants and animals found in a

particular area are termed flora and fauna of that area.
Together, the flora and fauna of a region form the
1 BIODIVERSITY
Endemic Species: Species of plants and animals found
exclusively in a particular area, are called endemic
species. They are restricted to particular geographic
region and are not found naturally anywhere else. A
particular type of animal or plant may be endemic to a
zone or a state or a country.
Conservation: Wise and judicious use of natural resources

is known as conservation
1 BIODIVERSITY
Significance of Biodiversity
Conclusion :
Every component of biodiversity, from microorganisms to
huge animals like elephants, plays an important role in
nature.
In other words, biodiversity maintains the environment

around us. We are also economically dependent upon
biodiversity. We get a variety of food items, Cloth items,
Oils etc.,
from variety of plants We get food, leather and milk from
animals
ASONS FOR LOSS OF DIVERSITY
1. Growing population and urbanization: Human population is growing at a
very fast rate, along with urbanization. It is leading to various types of pollution
2. Overgrazing: Overgrazing by animals makes the fertile lands barren and

inhospitable for other organisms
3. Construction of dams and reservoirs destroys the natural

habitat of wildlife
4. Acid rain due to excessive pollution and other pollutants cause

severe damage to wildlife, aquatic life, monuments, etc. .
5. Hunting for commercial purposes and recreation causes severe

destruction to wildlife.
SERVATION OF FOREST AND WILDLIF
International Union of conservation of nature and natural
resources. [IUCN], now known as World Conservation Union,
[WCU] keeps the record of all threatened species of world.
Threatened Species: Some species of plants and animals have greatly

reduced in number in their natural habitat. They are either at the edge of
extinction or likely to become extinct. Such species are called threatened
species. The threat might be due to habitat destruction, non availability of
food or exploitation of the species
Endangered Species: These are the species which are in danger of

extinction in the near future. If the unfavourable factors are
continued to exist, they would become extinct.
For example, Asiatic lion, Himalayan Brown beer, Kashmiri stag, blue whale,
DANGERED SPECIES
GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD

ASIATIC HIMALAYAN
LION BROWN BEAR
BRAHMAKAMA
BLUE WHALE
Vulnerable Species: These are the species which are likely to
become endangered in the presence of the causative of factors.
These include black buck, golden langur, chinkara deer, etc.
Black Buck
Golden Langur
Chinkara De
Rare Species: These species exist today, but are very low in
number. For example, Golden Cat, Monk Seal, Indian Pied Hornbill,
Himalayan Crest less porcupine, etc
olden Cat
MonkIndian
seal pied horn
Extinct Species: These are the species Of plants and animals
which have been lost forever. A species once lost cannot be
retrieved.
Steps for Conservation:

1. Awareness should be spread among the people about the
importance of wildlife and its conservation.
2. Special acts and laws should be enforced for protecting wildlife.
3. Deforestation and hunting should be strictly prohibited.
4. Special protected areas should be developed to protect all
types of wildlife.
5. Plants and animals should be allowed to live freely in their
natural habitats.
Red Data Book: It is the source book maintained by IUCN. It
contains a record of all threatened species of plants and animals
which are in danger of extinction. More than 35,000 species of
animals and plants are recorded in these books.
International Union of conservation of nature and natural

resources. [IUCN]
World Conservation Union, [WCU]

Let’s Recall
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The great variety of all living organisms and their
relationship with environment is called
Biological diversity / Biodiversity
(b) Wise and judicious use of natural resources is known as
Conservation
(c) All animals and plants living in their natural habitats
independently away from human population make up
Wildlife
2. Name the following: Endemic Species

(a) Species found exclusively in a particularIUCN
area.now WCU
(b) The organization which keeps the recordSpecies
Endangered of all
threatened species.
PROTECTED AREAS
These are the areas created for the welfare of wildlife. National
parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves are protected areas set
up by the government. Government lays down rules, methods and
policies to protect and conserve them.
Biosphere Reserves: These are large areas of protected land for

the conservation of wildlife , plant and animal resources and
traditional tribals living in that area.
Tribals usually follow the mode of sustainable development. They
obtain useful products from wildlife and intern protect the wildlife
present in that area.
India has 18 biosphere reserves, Simplipal Pachmarhi, Suderbans
and Nilgiri are some of the biosphere reserves present in India
PROTECTED AREAS
National Parks:
Human activities such as forestry, grazing, cultivation are prohibited in these
areas.
There are 103 national parks in our country ; Jim Corbett, Kanha National
Park, Satpura National Park(famous for its teak wood) are some of the examples found in
our country.
Madhya Pradesh and Andaman & Nicobar Island haver the maximum
number of National Parks.
Some of the important National Parks in India are mentioned below
National Park State
Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand
Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh
Palamau National Park Jharkhand
Todaba National Park Maharashtra
Simplipal National Park Odisha
PROTECTED AREAS
Wildlife Sanctuaries:
These are the areas which provide protection and suitable living conditions to
wild animals poaching {hunting} or capturing of animals is strictly prohibited
in these areas.
They are used to increase the population of animals which are on the verge
Name of the Sanctuary State
of extinction.
Bharatpur Rajasthan
Human activities like harvesting of timber and collection of minor forest
products isKaziranga
allowed in these areas. Assam
However,Sultanpur
they do not interfere with theHaryana
well being of animals.
There areBandipur
553 wild sanctuaries in India Karnataka
having unique landscape with broad
level forests, mountain forests and bushKerala
Periyar lands in deltas of big rivers.
Bharatpur bird sanctuary, Sasan Gir Sanctuary, Sariska Sanctuary are some
of the examples.
Sanctuaries are different from zoos in the way that animals in sanctuaries
live freely, unlike a zoo where they are kept in captivity
PROTECTED AREAS
Organisations for Protection of Wildlife
Various organisations are making efforts for wildlife conservation.
Some of them are:
WWF - worldwide fund for nature
IBWL - Indian Board of wildlife
MAB - man and biosphere programme
IUCN - International Union for conservation of nature and natural
resources
orest Acts
overnment of India passes several forest acts which aim to preserve
and conserve natural forests and meeting basic needs of people living
n or nearby the forests. For example:
Wildlife Act was passed in April 1972 (protection)
ational Forests Policy was passed in 1988. (maintenance & balance
5.5 PROJECT
TIGER
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1973 to protect
the Royal Bengal Tigers.
There will be approximately 40,000 tigers in India in 1900 but a tiger census in
1972 revealed only 1827 tigers.
A number of tiger reserves were set up in various states to maintain tiger population
in their natural environment.
In 2007, there were more than 40 Project Tiger Wildlife reserves, covering an area
of 37,761 km2.
Project Tiger helped to increase the tiger population to 3500 in 1990s.
However, in spite of all these measures, 2008 census revealed that the tiger
population had dropped 1411 due to illegal poaching.
Now Tiger Protection Force is being set to combat poachers.
And the efforts are paying off as per the latest census(2018), India has 2967 tiger.
6 MIGRATION
Migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many animals.
Migrations include moments of varied distances made in response to change in
food availability habitat or weather. They fly for blinking eggs when the weather in
their natural habitat becomes very cold and inhospitable. Whale fishes butterflies
turtles and birds are migratory animals.
5.7
DEFORESTATIO
Clearing of forests and using that land for other purposes is called Deforestation
CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
N
1. Procuring land for cultivation
2. Increased rate of urbanisation
3. Utilisation of land for industries
4. Multiple uses of wood in furniture, paper, etc
5. Overgrazing by animals
6. Clearing of forests to build roads
7. Shifting cultivation in which land is cultivated for 2-3 yrs and left
after the depletion of its fertility
8. Firewood collection
9. Timber harvesting
5.7
DEFORESTATIO
CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION
N
Deforestation leads to soil degradation and erosion, change in climatic
conditions along with the destruction of habitats of several plants and animals
5.8
REFORESTATIO
Reforestation is planting the trees in an area where the forests were destroyed.
it aims to cover the forest again with the plants through planting new trees It is the
N
practise of planting several trees to combat deforestation The planted trees should
generally be of the same species as found in that forest, forests have the capacity to
reestablish themselves naturally but with the amount of loss done it is necessary to
plant more and more trees.

5.conservation of Plants and Animals Class 8 Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5.conservation of Plants and Animals Class 8 Science

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

5.conservation of Plants and Animals Class 8 Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5.

Species: A group of population, which are capable of

Wildlife: All the animals and plants living in their natural

Flora and Fauna: The plants and animals found in a

Conservation: Wise and judicious use of natural resources

In other words, biodiversity maintains the environment

2. Overgrazing: Overgrazing by animals makes the fertile lands barren and

3. Construction of dams and reservoirs destroys the natural

4. Acid rain due to excessive pollution and other pollutants cause

5. Hunting for commercial purposes and recreation causes severe

Threatened Species: Some species of plants and animals have greatly

Endangered Species: These are the species which are in danger of

GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD

Steps for Conservation:

International Union of conservation of nature and natural

World Conservation Union, [WCU]

2. Name the following: Endemic Species

Biosphere Reserves: These are large areas of protected land for

You might also like