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    Nature of Psychology

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    Desiree Bardoquillo Castillo
    Lecture on intro to psychology

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    Nature of Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Desiree Bardoquillo Castillo
    2 views21 pages
    Lecture on intro to psychology

    Original Title

    NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY

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    Lecture on intro to psychology

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2 views21 pages

    Nature of Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Desiree Bardoquillo Castillo
    Lecture on intro to psychology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    THE NATURE OF

    PSYCHOLOGY
    PSYCHOLOGY
    came from two Greek words: psyche (soul) and
    logos (study).
    the study of the mind.
    scientific study of behavior and mental
    processes.
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    During the ancient times, psychology was part
    of Philosophy.
    Ancient Greek philosophers emerged to
    stimulate interest in psychology.
    Western philosophers also posited views about
    human nature.
    Psychology as a science
    Schools of Psychology
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Ancient Greek philosophers who emerged to
    stimulate interest in psychology:

    Socrates– “Know Thyself principle.”

    Plato– ideas are innate and the soul is the


    most important possession of man.

    Aristotle– importance of body and soul


    (hylomorphism).
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Western philosophers who posited views which
    laid the groundwork for psychology as a scientific
    study:

    Rene Descartes– mind-body interaction and


    value of innate ideas.

    John Locke– mind as tabula rasa (blank slate).

    Charles Darwin– theory of evolution of man.

    Francis Galton– intelligence is heredity and


    coined the term, “nature vs. Nurture.”
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Psychology as a science

     December 1879– scientific studies about


    psychology emerged.

    Wilhelm Wundt– established the first psychology


    laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany.

    G. Stanley Hall– established the first formal US


    psychology laboratory in 1883 at Johns Hopskins
    University.
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Psychology as a science

    James McKeen Cattell– designed the 16


    Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF).

    Edward Bradford Titchener– introduced


    structuralism in the US.
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Schools of Psychology

    Historical Approaches:
    Structuralism
     Functionalism
    Gestalt

    Contemporary Approaches:
    Psychoanalytic
    Behavioral
    Humanistic/Phenomenological
    Cognitive
    Biological
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Schools of Psychology

    Historical Approaches:
    Structuralism (William Wundt, Edward
    Bradford Titchener)
    “what made up consciousness?”
    analyzes the basic elements of conscious
    experience (introspection).
     Functionalism (William James)
    “what consciousness is for?” “how does
    consciousness functions?”
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Schools of Psychology

    Historical Approaches:

    Gestalt (Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler)


    Whole or form
    Totality of experience
    Founded the study of sensation and
    perception.
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Schools of Psychology

    Contemporary Approaches:
    Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud)
     considers hidden motives and unconscious
    desires as determinants of behavior.

    Behavioral (John B. Watson)


    Study of observable and measurable
    behavior.
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Schools of Psychology

    Contemporary Approaches:
    Humanistic/Phenomenological (Abraham
    Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May)
    Emphasizes human potential, needs, and
    life’s meaning.
    Subjective experience is the central of
    this approach.
    Cognitive (Noam Chomsky, Leon Festinger,
    Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck)
    Includes mental processes
    BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
    Schools of Psychology

    Contemporary Approaches:
    Biological (D.O. Hebb)
    Behavior is related to the activity of the
    brain and the nervous system.
    It is also a result of electrical and
    chemical combinations taking place in the
    body.
    HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY IN THE
    PHILIPPINES
     17th century—Psychology was taught at UST and
    University of San Carlos.

     1926—Dept. Of Psychology was established in UP.

     UST—first institution to offer BS, MA, and PhD. in


    Psychology.
    HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY IN THE
    PHILIPPINES
     Psychology was closely identified with Education
    until 1960s.

     PAP (Psychological Association of the Philippines)

     Virgilio R. Enriquez– father of Filipino Psychology.


    SPECIALIZATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

    1. Clinical Psychology– nature, diagnosis, and


    treatment of mental disorders.
    2. School and Educational Psychology– teaching
    methods and improvement of learning.
    3. Industrial/Organizational Psychology– work and
    working environments to improve job
    satisfaction and pr of productivity.
    4. Counseling Psychology– academic, work, or
    personal problems.
    SPECIALIZATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

    5. Abnormal Psychology– nature of maladaptive


    behaviors.
    6. Comparative Psychology– similarities and
    differences of behaviors of animal species.
    7. Developmental Psychology– stability and change
    or characteristics across the lifespan.
    8. Personality Psychology– individual differences
    and personality attributes.
    SPECIALIZATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

    9. Physiological/Biological Psychology– biological


    bases of behavior.
    10. Social Psychology– behaviors of individuals in
    groups and how it affects one another.
    11. Engineering Psychology– man and machine
    relationship. “human factors psychology”
    12. Forensic Psychology– psychology and legal
    proceedings.
    13. Sports Psychology– behavior in sports.
    SPECIALIZATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

    14. Cognitive Neuroscience– cognitive functioning


    explained through brain scanning or
    neuroimaging.
    15. Evolutionary Psychology– genetic, sociological,
    or biological origins of adaptive behavior.
    16. Positive Psychology– subjective feelings or
    happiness, well-being, and good life.
    RESEARCH METHODS IN
    PSYCHOLOGY
    1. Naturalistic Observation– spontaneous
    observation without interference.
    2. Survey– questionnaires, interviews are used to
    gather opinions.
    3. Case Studies– detailed description of one or few
    individuals.
    4. Correlational Methods– association between two
    variables.
    5. Experimental Methods– cause and effect
    relationship.
    INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODS

    1. Pakapa-kapa– groping for information


    2. Panunuluyan– interaction techniques
    3. Pagtatanong-tanong– interview method
    4. Pakikipagkwentuhan– social process of
    exchanging information

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