Chapter 2 Bio, Ability and Values

ORGANIZATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
BEHAVIOR
S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
WWW.PRENHALL.COM/ROBBINS
T E N T H E D I T I O N
OBJECTIVES
AFTER
AFTER STUDYING
STUDYING THIS
THIS CHAPTER,
CHAPTER,
YOU
YOU SHOULD
SHOULD BE
BE ABLE
ABLE TO:
TO:
1. Define the key biographical characteristics.

2. Identify two types of ability.
LEARNING
3. Explain the role of value in individual behavior
© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–2

Biographical
Biographical Characteristics
Characteristics

Con….
Con….
Points for Discussion
Evaluate biographical characteristics of individuals

such as age , gender, and marital status in terms
of productivity, absenteeism, and
turnover.

Ability
Ability

Dimensions
Dimensions of
of Intellectual
Intellectual Ability
Ability
1. Number Aptitude: Ability to do speedy and accurate

arithmetic
2. Verbal Comprehension: Ability to understand what is
read or heard and the relationship of words to each other.
3. Perceptual Speed: Ability to identify visual similarities
and differences quickly and accurately.
4. Inductive Reasoning: Ability to identify a logical
sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.

Dimensions
Dimensions of
of Intellectual
Intellectual Ability,
Ability, Contd.,
Contd.,
5. Deductive Reasoning: Ability to use logic and assess the

implications of an argument.
6. Spatial Visualization: Ability to imagine how an object
would look if its position in space were changed.
7. Memory: Ability to retain and recall past experiences.

Physical
Physical Ability
Ability
The capacity to do tasks

demanding stamina, dexterity
(swiftness or precision),
strength, and similar
characteristics.

Nine
Nine Physical
Physical Abilities,
Abilities, Contd.,
Contd.,
1. Dynamic strength: Ability to exert muscular force

repeatedly or continuously over time.
2. Trunk strength: Ability to exert muscular strength using
the trunk (particularly abdominal) muscles.
3. Static strength: Ability to exert force against external
objects.
4. Explosive strength: Ability to expend a maximum of
energy in one or a series of explosive acts.
5. Extent flexibility: Ability to move the trunk and back
muscles as far as possible.

Nine
Nine Physical
Physical Abilities,
Abilities, Contd.,
Contd.,
6. Dynamic flexibility: Ability to make rapid, repeated flexing

movements.
7. Body coordination: Ability to coordinate the simultaneous
actions of different parts of the body.
8. Balance: Ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces
pulling off balance.
9. Stamina: Ability to continue maximum effort requiring
prolonged effort over time.

The
The Ability-Job
Ability-Job Fit
Fit
Ability-Job
Employee’s Fit Job’s Ability
Abilities Requirements

The Ability-Job Fit
1. Employee performance is enhanced when there is a high
ability-job fit.
2. The specific intellectual or physical abilities required
depend on the ability requirements of the job. For example,
pilots need strong spatial-visualization abilities.
3.When the fit is poor employees are likely to fail.
4. When the ability-job fit is out of sync because the employee

has abilities that far exceed the requirements of the job,
performance is likely to be adequate, but there will be
organizational inefficiencies and possible declines in
employee satisfaction.
5. Abilities significantly above those required can also reduce

the employee’s job satisfaction when the employee’s desire to
use his or her abilities is particularly strong and is frustrated
by the limitations of the job.
Values
Values
 Values are broad preferences concerning
appropriate courses of action or outcomes.
 Values represents basic convictions (certainty)
that “a specific mode of conduct or end-state of
existence is personally or socially preferable to
an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-
state of existence”.
 What do you want to be or have in your life ?
 Values influence behavior and attitudes.

Value
Value

Types
Types of
of Values
Values –-
–- Rokeach
Rokeach Value
Value Survey
Survey

Values
Valuesinin
the
the
Rokeach
Rokeach
Survey
Survey

Values
Valuesin in
the
the
Rokeach
Rokeach
Survey
Survey
(cont’d)
(cont’d)

Mean
MeanValue
ValueRankings
Rankingsof of
Executives,
Executives,Union
Union
Members,
Members,and
andActivists
Activists

Dominant
Dominant Work
Work Values
Values in
in Today’s
Today’s Workforce
Workforce

Thank You !!!

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ORGANIZATIONAL

1. Define the key biographical characteristics.

3. Explain the role of value in individual behavior

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–2

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–3

Points for Discussion

Evaluate biographical characteristics of individuals

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–4

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–5

1. Number Aptitude: Ability to do speedy and accurate

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–6

5. Deductive Reasoning: Ability to use logic and assess the

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–7

The capacity to do tasks

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–8

1. Dynamic strength: Ability to exert muscular force

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–9

6. Dynamic flexibility: Ability to make rapid, repeated flexing

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–10

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–11

3.When the fit is poor employees are likely to fail.

4. When the ability-job fit is out of sync because the employee

5. Abilities significantly above those required can also reduce

 What do you want to be or have in your life ?

 Values influence behavior and attitudes.

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 3–14

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 3–15

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 3–16

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 3–17

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 3–18

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 3–19

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