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    Fuel System

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    readforspeed99

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Fuel System

    Uploaded by

    readforspeed99
    3 views30 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3 views30 pages

    Fuel System

    Uploaded by

    readforspeed99

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Fuel systems of CI

    Engine
    Functional requirements of fuel
    systems
    • Fuel injection with required pressure (200 to
    2000 bar)
    • Timing the injection.
    • Accurate metering of fuel.
    • Proper Spray formation and atomization of the
    fuel.
    • Proper control of injection rate to achieve
    desired heat release rate.
    • Uniform distribution of the to all cylinders in
    case of multi cylinder.
    Types of mechanical injection systems

    • Air injection systems • Solid injection system


    - Fuel is forced in cylinder - Individual pump and
    by means of compressed nozzle system./jerk
    air. type
    - Bulky multistage
    - Distributor or rotary
    compressor
    systems
    - Good mixing of fuel air.
    - Less expensive Viscous - Common rail system
    fuel can be injected.
    Layout of the individual pump and nozzle system
    Injection pump.
    Fuel Metering
    Fuel injector.
    •Leak off for lubrication
    of the nozzle valve.
    Nozzle
    Functions of nozzle
    • Atomization of fuel.
    • Distribution of the fuel.It depends on 1) Injection
    pressure 2) Cylinder pressure 3) Fuel properties
    • Prevention of wall impingement.
    • Mixing.
    Pintle Nozzle

    • Stem protrudes through


    the nozzle body.
    • Working pressure 80-100
    bar.
    • Spray cone angle 60º.
    • No dribbling.
    Single hole Nozzle

    • Spray cone angle 15º.


    • Hole dia. 0.2 mm.
    • Working pressure 80-
    100 bar.
    • It tend to dribble.
    Multi hole Nozzle

    • 180 bar working


    pressure.
    • 4 to 18 small holes .
    • 35 to 200μm dia.
    • Proper distribution of
    fuel.
    Pintaux Nozzle
    • Aux. Hole drilled in
    the nozzle body.
    • Good starting ability.
    • Poor injection
    characteristics as
    compared to multi
    hole.
    The volume of fuel injected per cycle
    can be calculated as

    Q = Area of orifices x average fuel jet velocity x


    time of injection

    Q = π/4 x d2 x Vf x θ/360 X 60/N


    Limitations of conventional injection systems.
    • Precise of control of injection timing, metering,
    rate of injection, end of injection is difficult.

    • Unable to provide pilot and the post injection.


    ( this decreases the amount of fuel in uncontrolled
    combustion and subsequently the noise and NOx
    emissions).
    Common rail
    Important Components

    • High pressure
    Pump.
    • High pressure rail.
    • Injector ( solenoid
    operated)
    • ECU
    Common rail
    Common Rail system
    Important features

    • It is electronically controlled injection system.


    • Very high injection pressure (1500 bar)
    • Better control over start of injection and end of
    injection.( sharp start and end of combustion).
    • Injection pressure is independent of engine speed.
    • Ability to have pilot, main and post injection.
    • Variable injection pressure.

    Therefore it drastically cut emissions and fuel


    consumption.
    Common rail
    Details of common rail systems
    • Element shutoff valve: Leaks the fuel if excess
    fuel is supplied to the rail.
    Common rail
    • Pump is multi cylinder • Crank shaft speed sensor
    radial piston type
    • Camshaft speed sensor
    • It is directly driven
    • Intake air temp. sensor
    • Pressure is independent
    • Boost pressure sensor
    of inj. Process.
    • Rail pressure sensor
    • Subjected to Lesser
    pressure pulses. • Fuel temp. sensor
    • Injection occurs when • Lub. oil and Coolant
    solenoid energized. temp sensor
    • Fuel quantity depends • Accelerator pedal sensor
    on duration of pulse.
    Common Rail Pump.

    It consist of
    • Stationery cam.
    • Rotating hydraulic
    head houses two
    plungers.
    • Fuel is pumped four
    times per rotation
    when the plunger is
    pushed by the cam.
    • Non return valve. Lucas DCR HP pump.
    Common Rail
    It consist of
    • Pressure regulator- spring force & electromagnetic
    force generated by coil.
    • The electromagnetic pulse is controlled by ECU.
    • Pressure sensor and pressure limiter.
    • Flow limiter- to prevent continuous flow if one of the
    injector mal function.
    Distributor system
    • There is Central
    passage in the rotor
    and the two radial
    holes at different
    height.
    • One set of body holes
    is connected to inlet
    and the other to outlet.
    • No. Of holes are equal
    to no. of cylinders.
    Distributor system
    • Fuel is drawn in when
    the plunger move
    away.
    • Whenever the fuel
    delivery line in the
    rotor coincides with
    the del. Port for any
    cylinder the fuel is
    delivered to each cyl
    in turn.
    • Small in size and light
    weight.

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