DRILLS

AND
CEREMONIES
INSTRUCTORS PROFILE
ROAD MAP OF PRESENTATION
Historical Background
PARADE
COMMAND AND COMMAND VOICE
 INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENTS WITHOUT ARMS
INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENTS WITH ARMS
List of Commands
Drill Formations and Movements
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 Reviews in the Armed Forces of the Philippines were patterned after
the United States Army’s. This is due to the fact that the Americans
greatly influenced the Philippine government’s educational system
and the military during their occupation of the country right after the
Spanish regime.

 US military reviews were outlined in the Regulations for the Order

and Discipline of the troops of the United States commonly known as
the Blue Book written in 1779 by Baron Friedrich von Steuben, a
former Prussian Officer under Frederick the Great. He was
commissioned by General George Washington to develop the
revolutionary forces into a well-organized and highly disciplined
army.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 The origin of military reviews may be traced back to as
early as the Middle Ages when rulers were likely to have
military ceremonies as a way of showing strength.
 At the turn of the century, armies all over the world
began adopting the regimental system. Regiments were
assigned a specific color or number for easy
identification and positioning on the battlefield. In
battle, the color (flag) party marched in front and
center of its unit as a point for the unit to dress on.
Since victories in those days were expressed in terms of
the number of enemy colors captured, the color party
was the logical priority target and thus suffered heavy
casualties.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 In the US Army, the Colors have been historically placed in the center
of the formation and considered to be part of the company on the
immediate right of the Colors. This company is still called the Color
Unit.
 Musical elements (usually drums and fifes, and sometimes a band)
were used during actual battle and marched 12 to 15 paces to the rear
of the formation. By 1892, US infantry drill regulation posted bands
and field music on the right of the formation or at the head of the
formation when it moved in a column.
 Today, the presence of the Colors at the center of the formation
represents their presence in the old days at the forefront of the unit
during the heat of battle. On the other hand, the presence of the
band represents the significant role that the drum, fife and other
musical instruments have played throughout military history for
signaling in camp or on the battlefield.
PARADE
A parade is a military ceremony wherein a body
of troops are formed before its commanding
officer or another high officer for the display of
its condition, members, equipment, and
proficiency. It includes exercise in the manual of
arms, the report on the members of the various
units present or accounted for, the publication
of orders, etc., and ends with a pass in review.
Types of Parades and their
Sequence
a) Ceremonial Battalion Parade
1. Formation of Troops
 Units are moved to their positions on the ready line in the
most convenient manner. The Commander prescribes the
assembly area, the routes, the sequence, and the time of
arrival on the line. He and his staff take their post prior to
the adjutant’s call.
 The procedure for moving from the ready line to the final
2. Sound Off
 After the battalion has been formed, aligned, and given parade rest
on the final line, the adjutant directs “IHUDYAT” and assumes the
position of parade rest. He remains facing the formation.
 At the directive “IHUDYAT”, the band plays three sound off chords.
At the end of the three chords, the band moves forward playing a
march in quick time. The band executes a left turn to march across
the front of the troops. At the left of the line of the troops, the
band countermarches and returns over the same ground to the right
of the line. After passing beyond the right of the troops, the band
executes a right turn, countermarches again, and halts in its original
position. When the band has halted, it will cease playing at the next
convenient place in the music and will again play the three sound
off chords.
 NOTE: Retreat, when scheduled, is integrated at this point. Upon
completion of the IHUDYAT chords, the band pauses briefly and
then plays retreat (by the trumpet section) without a command
from the adjutant. Upon completion of the retreat, the adjutant
comes to attention and directs,” MGA BALANGAY HUMANDA,”
then “TANGHAL SANDATA”. The adjutant faces about and
salutes. At the conclusion of To the Color or the National
Anthem, the adjutant comes to order and faces about and
directs “BABA SANDATA”. After the last units come to order
arms, the adjutant faces about. The commander and his staff
assume PARADE REST, ATTENTION, PRESENT ARMS, and ORDER
ARMS with the adjutant. The adjutant salute is the signal for the
band to play To the Color or the National Anthem.
3. Honors to the Nation
 If the retreat is not conducted, the adjutant (after the band has
completed sound off) assumes the position of attention and directs
“MGA BALANGAY HUMANDA at TANGHAL SANDATA”
 Unit commanders assumed the position of attention, face about,
and command “BALANGAY DA, then TANGHAL TA. They face about
and salute.
 When all units are at TANGHAL TA, The adjutant faces about and
salutes. this is the signal for the band to play the National Anthem.
 The battalion commander and his staff execute TANGHAL TA on his
command on the first note of the music.
 Military inspectors rise and execute hand salute and its equivalent
for the civilians.
4. Presentation
 Upon completion of the national anthem, the battalion commander
and his staff execute BABA TA, And his command. The adjutant
terminates his salute, faces about, and directs “IBABA ANG
SANDATA”
 Unitcommanders terminate their salute, face about, command
BABA TA , and then face (back) to the front.
 When all units are at order arms, the adjutant faces about, salutes
and reports “Ginoo, handa na po ang patikas”.
 The battalion commander returns the salute and commands
SUMALUNAN KA. The adjutant trots forward, passes by the
battalion commander’s right, and takes his post at the right flank
member of the staff.
5. Manual of Arms
 After the adjutant has joined the staff, the battalion commander commands such
movements in the manual of arms as he may desire.
 The commander directs “ PAGSASANAY SA PAGHAWAK NG SANDATA”. He then in
sequence commands SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA; KALIWANG BALIKAT, TA; AGAP, TA;
BABA TA; SIYASAT, TA; AGAP, TA; and BABA, TA.

6.Report
 When the manual of arms has been completed, the battalion commander then
directs “ TANGGAPIN ANG ULAT”.
 The adjutant trots forward, halts to his position at the center of the command
and commands MAG-ULAT. unit commanders in succession , from right to left,
salute and report “Ginoo_____, Balangay, narito na po ang lahat o napag
alaman”. The adjutant returns each commander’s salute.
7. Publishing Orders
 The battalion commander returns the salute and directs “IPAHAYAG ANG
KAUTUSAN”
 The adjutant faces about and gives the orders “Makinig sa kautusan, Ang mga
nakatalaga ngayon, punong panlarangan (Name of Officer), punong tagapangalaga
(Name of Officer), sa utos ni (Name of Officer) MGA PINUNO, PUMAGITNA KAD”.

8. Officers Center March

 All officers from the company commanders to platoon leaders including guidon
bearers , the last note of PUMAGITNA, execute center face. Then when the
command of the execution of KAD is given, the officers and guidon bearers March
off to the center and halt individually upon reaching their designated markers.
The senior company commander then commands MGA PINUNO, KAD. at the last
note of PINUNO, the officers and guidon bearers face toward the battalion
commander’s position and shoves off to the command KAD.
 When they are approximately 12 paces in front of the battalion
commander, the senior company commander commands MGA
PINUNO, TO. At TO, They count silently. at the count of four, they
execute the salute and bring their hands down at seven (guidon
bearers start to execute the equivalent salute at the count of
three and return same starting at the count of six. The troop
commander acknowledges the salute, then commands MGA
PINUNO, PABALIK, KAD.
 Thegroup of officers execute about face and shove off towards
the center of the troops. As they approached the line of their
respective positions, the senior company commander commands
MGA PINUNO, TO. At the command TO, they halt, face their
respective positions And face front at the same time.
9. Pass in Review
When all officers have returned to their posts and the
band has stopped playing, the battalion commander
directs “PASA MASID”.
The battalion passes in review in the same manner as
prescribed for a review except the units render honors
when six steps to the left of the troop commander and
staff, and terminate honors when the unit is 6 steps to
the right of the commander of troops and the staff.
The commander of troops and staff then assumed the
role of the reviewing party at their relocation on the
field.
When the last element of troops
has passed the reviewing stand
and executed ready front, the
band stops playing.
Expectated wars may rise, stand
and applause after the parade is
completed.
GENERAL DRILL FORMATION

1. Purpose and Scope

 This portion of the manual provides guidance for AFP-wide uniformity
in the conduct of drill. It includes methods of instructing drill, teaching
techniques, individual and unique drill, manual of arms for infantry
weapons and various other aspects of basic drill instruction.
 This is designed for use by soldiers of all military occupational skills,
including cadets and recruit in the initial training environment. So as to
maintain consistency throughout the AFP, the procedures prescribed
herein should be adhered to as closely as possible.
GENERAL DRILL FORMATION

2. General
 The AFP Hospice cried its own drill regulations with the end
goal of cultivating the full, alertness and presence of mind
of each and every military personnel, not only during drills
but all at times. These Attributes of character are essential
to the members of the AFP.
 All movements in this manual are precision movements
designed farther to faster proper coordination, among
military personnel. Teamwork is the final result.
GENERAL DRILL FORMATION

 In the military service we help attain this teamwork through

drills and ceremonies
 Drill consists of certain movements by which the squad,
platoon, company, or battalion is moved in an orderly
manner from one formation to another or from one place to
another or both. This movement is executed with
smartness, order, and precision. Each individual in the
squad, platoon, or company does his part exactly as what
he is supposed to do.
2.General
The primary purpose of drill is to teach a precise
and orderly way of doing things. As drill increases
skill and coordination, it accustoms a soldier to
group response to commands and promotes
teamwork. It is important for him to know and
understand the drill, otherwise, its value is lost.
Remember drill is conducted with precision,
hence perfection is the only acceptable standard.
Drill periods are frequent and of short duration.
2.General
Ceremonies consist of formations and movements in
which a large number of troops take part. The
troops execute movements together at a simple
command. This, therefore, requires unified action-
teamwork.The colors, the standards and the martial
music of the ceremonies –all these-inspire the men
to take part in the ceremony with pride in
themselves and their organization . This pride finds
expression in perfect responses to commands.
2. General
Finally, all get a certain amount of pleasure
from doing anything well in a joint effort
with others. A military ceremony provides
the same reaction . After every successful
ceremony, every soldier –participant can
proudly claim “I was there”- actively as an
officer or just a plain private in the ranks.
 DRILL TERMS

To help understand the meaning of drill terms, the following definitions

are included:

 ALIGNMENT (Linya): A straight line upon which several elements or

terms are formed. It is the dressing of several elements in a straight
line. A unit is aligned when it is dressed.
 ARMS SWING: The swinging of arms must be 6 inches straight to the
front and 3 inches straight to the rear of the trouser seams, with
knuckles out facing forward and fingers formed into a fist with the
thumb over the forefinger.
 BASE: The elements on which a movement is regulated. For instance,
in executing right front into line, the leading squad is the base.
 DRILL TERMS
 CADENCE: The uniform rhythm by which a movement is executed
or the number of steps or counts per minute of which movement is
executed. Drill movements are normally executed at the cadence
of quick time or double time.
 CENTER (Gitna): The middle point or element of a command. In a
platoon of three squads in line, the second squad from the right is
the center. With four squads in the platoon, the second squad from
the right is the center squad, the rule being that when there are
even a number of squads (platoons), the right-center squad
(platoon) is the center squad (platoon).
 COLUMN: A formation in which the elements are placed one behind
another. Example: a column of files (men placed one behind
another); column squad (squads one behind another); and column
platoon (one behind another).
DRILL TERMS
 DEPTH (Lalim): The space from front to rear of any formation
or position. This includes the front and rear elements. The
depth of a man is assumed to be 12 inches.
 DISTANCE (Layo): The space between elements when the
elements are one behind the other. Between units, it varies
with the size of the formation; between individuals it is an
arm’s length to the front plus six inches or about 40 inches,
measured from chest of one man to the back of the man
immediately to his front.
 DOUBLE TIME (Takbong Hakbang): Cadence at a rate of 180
steps per minute.
 ECHELON: One of a series of elements formed one behind
another. This is also a modification of line formation in which
adjacent elements are disposed one in the rear of the other.
 DRILL TERMS
 ELEMENT: An individual, squad, platoon, company, or larger body, forming
a part of still another larger body.

 EYES RIGHT (Handa, Tingin sa Kanan, Na): The direction of the face
during the eyes right should be 45 degrees to the right side.

 FILE (Tudling): Two men, the front-rank man and the corresponding man
of the rear rank. The front-rank man is the file leader. A file, which has no
rear-rank man, is not a file. The term file applies also to a single man in a
single rank formation. It is a single column of men one behind the other.

 FLANK (Panig): The right or left extremity of a unit, either in line or in

column; the element on the extreme right or left of the line; a direction at
a right angle to the direction where an element or a formation is facing.
 FORMATION (Hanay): Arrangement of the elements of a
unit in line, in column or any other prescribed manner.
 FRONT (Harap): The direction in which a command faces.
 FRONTAGE (Harapan): The space occupied by an element
measured from one flank to the opposite flank. The
frontage of a man is assumed to be 22 inches, measured
from the right to the elbow and therefore does not include
the 12 inches between all men in line. The frontage of a
squad, however, includes the intervals between men.
 GUIDE (Gabay): The man with whom the command or
element thereof regulates its march. This is often the case
in battle or on practice marches. In a squad drill, a private
(number 1 front rank) is often the guide.
 HEAD (Unahan): The leading element of a column. To
understand this definition, one must remember that an
element is a file squad platoon, company or larger body
forming a part of still another larger body.
 INTERVAL (Pagitan): The lateral space between elements
on the same line. An interval is measured between
individuals from shoulder to shoulder; and between
formations, from flank to flank. Unit commanders and those
with them are not considered in measuring interval
between elements of the unit with which they are posted.
Normal interval between individuals is one arm’s length.
Close interval is the horizontal distance between shoulder
and elbow when the left hand is placed on the left hip.
 LEFT (Kaliwa): The left extremity or element of a body of
troops.
 LINE (Linya): A formation in which the different elements are
abreast. The expression “abreast of each other” means on
the same line. The other vital part of this definition centers
on the word “element”. A section may be an element.
Therefore, if the leading elements of several sections are on
the same line, it becomes a line formation.
 LOOSE PIECES: Rifles and automatic rifles not used in making
stacks.
 OBLIQUE (Lihis): An angle between 0 and 45 degrees.
(Right/Left oblique - march is at an angle of 45 degrees.)
ORDER CLOSE: The formation in which the
units, in double rank, are separated by
intervals greater than that in close order.
PACE: 30 inches is the length of the full step
in quick time. The pace at double time is 36
inches.
PIECE: The term piece as used in this text
means the rifle or automatic rifle.
POINT OF THE REST: The point at which a
formation begins, especially the point
toward which units are aligned in successive
movements. For instance, in executing “ON
RIGHT INTO LINE”, the point of rest is the
place where the leading squad halts.
QUICK TIME (Siglang Hakbang): Cadence at
a rate of 120 steps per minute.
RIGHT: The right extremity or element of a
body of troops.
SWORD SWING: The swinging of sword must be 6
inches to the front and 3 inches to the rear of
the trouser seams.
SLOW TIME: Cadence at a rate of 60 steps per
minute.
STEP (Hakbang): The distance measured from
heel to heel between the feet of a man walking.
A step maybe any prescribed number of inches.
The half step and back step are 15 inches. The
right step and left step are 12 inches. The steps
in quick and double time are 30 and 36 inches,
respectively.
 SUCCESSIVE MOVEMENT (Sunud-sunurang galaw): A maneuver in which the
various elements of a command execute a certain movement one after another
as distinguished from a simultaneous movement.
 TO REVOKE A COMMAND: To cancel a command that has not been carried out or
to start a movement improperly begun from halt, the command MANUMBALIK is
given. On this command, the movement of troops and men resumes its former
position.
 PARTIAL CHANGES OF DIRECTION: To change the direction of a column by 45
degrees to the left or right the command is LIKO HATING-KANAN (KALIWA),
KAD. To execute a slight change of direction, the command PAGAWING KANAN
(KALIWA) is given. The guide or guiding elements move/s in the indicated
direction, and the rest of the unit follows.
 NUMBERING UNITS: For drill purposes, platoons within each company are
numbered from right to left when the company is in line and from front to rear
when the company is in column. Squads within each platoon are numbered from
right to left when the platoon is in line and from front to rear when the platoon
is in column.
 POST: Post means the correct place for an officer or non-
commissioned officer to stand. This can be in front, behind
or by the side of a unit. When changes in formation involve
changes of posts, the new post is taken by the most direct
route and, as soon as practicable, after the command of
execution. Officers and non-commissioned officers who
have prescribed duties in connection with the movements
take their posts when the duties are completed. In
executing a movement or facing, and when moving from
one post to another, officers and non-commissioned officers
maintain a military bearing and move with smartness and
precision.
 In movements after the first formation, guidon bearers and
special units maintain their positions with respect to the flank
or the end of the unit to which they were originally posted.
 In all formations and movements, non-commissioned officers
commanding an element take the same post as prescribed for
an officer. When giving commands, making or receiving reports
(except squad leaders in ranks) or drilling a unit, a non-
commissioned officer armed with rifle carries it at the right
shoulder.
 When acting as an instructor, the officer or non-
commissioned officer goes wherever his presence is needed to
correct mistakes and supervise the performance of the men in
ranks.
COUNTING CADENCE
a) Except at the beginning of basic training, the commander or
instructor does not count cadence to acquaint the men with
cadence rhythm. When a man gets out of step, he is corrected by
the commander who halts the unit and then moves everybody off in
the step. Counting cadence by the group helps to teach group
coordination, cadence, and rhythm. To help a man keep in step, the
commander encourages him to keep his head up and watch the
head and shoulders of the man in front of him. The command is
BILANG HAKBANG, KAD. The command of execution is given as the
left foot strikes the ground. The next time the left foot strikes the
ground, the group calls the cadence for 8 steps in a firm and
vigorous manner as follows: ISA, DALAWA, TATLO, APAT… However,
this command must not be executed in a boisterous manner. The
good instructor holds his counting to a minimum.
b) As soldiers begin to master the art of drills, instructors try
to create a spirit of competition among individuals and
between units. Although repetition is necessary when
teaching drills, instructors must use competitive drill
exercises to ensure that drills do not become boring or
monotonous.
c) Mass commands are used to develop confidence and
promote enthusiasm. These are effective in developing a
command voice when instructing a leadership course.
Procedures for using mass commands are discussed in
Section 2.
 SECTION II

COMMAND AND
COMMAND VOICE
COMMANDS
GENERAL
 A drill command is an oral order of a commander or leader. The precision
with which a movement is affected by the manner in which the
command is given.
 The following rules for giving commands apply to the commander when
the unit drills as a separate unit and not as part of a larger formation.
a) When at a halt, the commander faces the troops when giving
commands. And commands that set the unit in motion (marching from
one point to another ), the commander moves simultaneously with the
unit to maintain the correct position within the formation.
b) When marching, the commander turns his head in the direction of the
troops to give commands.
c) exceptions to these RULES OCCUR DURING ceremonies.
GENERAL
 When elements drill as a part of a larger unit, the rules for
supplementary commands apply. (See supplementary
commands).
 the
commander gives the command MANUMBALIK (AS YOU
WERE) To revoke a preparatory command that he has given.
The command (MANUMBALIK) must be given prior to the
command of execution. The commander cannot cancel the
command of execution with MANUMBALIK. If an improper
command is not revoked, the personnel execute the
movement in the best manner possible.
Two-part commands
1. PREPARATORY COMMAND
States the movement to be carried out and
mentally prepares the soldier for its
execution.
2. COMMAND OF EXECUTION
Tells when the movement is to be carried
out.
English Version to Filipino Version
 The AFP commands were derived from the English version
and subsequently translated to Filipino version. This attempt
to localize the English version has brought about varied
interpretations Ias to the preciseness of the “term” being
used. In the command of execution for example, the words
RAP, NA, KAD, TA, and Other are misused/interchanged are
the commander may opt to what he thinks is appropriate.
 Toprovide for uniformity, simplicity, and preciseness and to
suit Filipino commands in terms of voice control,
distinctiveness, inflections, and cadence, the following
guidelines are set forth as a rule.
1. In general, the word NA is used to signal the command of
execution except for the following:

a) TA- (SANDATA) manual of arms for rifles and pistol, exept

for KALIS and TALIBONG, which fall under the general rule.
b) KAD- (LAKAD) from at rest to motion. Example PASULONG
KAD. For other commands given while in motion, the
general rule will apply. Ex. LIKO SA KANAN, NA.
c) TO- (HINTO) from motion to rest.
d) RAP- (HARAP) in HANDA HARAP as literal
translation of READY FRONT.
e) DA- (HUMANDA) for attention.
f) NGA-(PAHINGA) in “TIKAS PAHINGA” or PARADE
REST.
g) Combined Commands
h) Supplementary Commands
i) Mass Commands
j) Directives
 • COMBINED COMMANDS
 In some commands, the preparatory command and the command of
execution are combined, for example, HUMANAY (FALL IN), PALUWAG
(AT EASE), LUMANSAG (DISMISS). The commands are given without
inflection and at a uniform high pitch and loudness comparable to that
of a normal command of execution.
• SUPPLEMENTARY COMMANDS
 Supplementary commands are oral orders given by a subordinate
leader to reinforce and complement a commander’s orders. They
ensure proper understanding and execution of a movement. They
extend to the lowest subordinate leader exercising control over an
element for he commands as a separate element within the same
formation.
• SUPPLEMENTARY COMMAND
 A supplementary command may be a preparatory command, a portion of a pre-
command, or a two-part command. It is normally given between the pre-
command and the command of execution. It is used when a command requires an
element of a unit to execute a movement different from other elements within
the same formation, or the same movement at the time prescribed by the
procedures covering that particular movement.
 For example, the platoon is in column formation and the platoon leader
commands DALAWAHANG TUDLING SUNUDSUNURAN MULA SA KALIWA (pause),
KAD. The first and second TUDLING leaders command PASULONG; the third and
forth TUDLING leaders command MANATILI (STAND FAST). On the command of
execution KAD, the first and second squads march forward. At the appropriate
time, the squad leader (third) nearest the moving element commands LIKO
HATING KALIWA, KAD (for both remaining squads). As the third and fourth squad
leaders reach the line of the march, they automatically execute a LIKO HATING
KANAN and obtain normal distance behind the first and second squads.
• SUPPLEMENTARY COMMAND
 A subordinate leader gives all supplementary commands over his
right shoulder except when his command is based on the actions of
an element on his left or when the sub-element is to execute a
LIKO SA KALIWA, LIKO HATING KALIWA or KALIWANG PANIG.
Giving commands over the left shoulder occurs when changing the
configuration of a formation, such as forming a file or a column of
four and reforming.
 Note: When in formation at present arms and the preparatory
command of order of arms is given, the subordinate leaders
terminate their salute before giving their supplementary
commands.
• SUPPLEMENTARY COMMAND
 A subordinate leader gives all supplementary commands over his
right shoulder except when his command is based on the actions of
an element on his left or when the sub-element is to execute a
LIKO SA KALIWA, LIKO HATING KALIWA or KALIWANG PANIG.
Giving commands over the left shoulder occurs when changing the
configuration of a formation, such as forming a file or a column of
four and reforming.
 Note: When in formation at present arms and the preparatory
command of order of arms is given, the subordinate leaders
terminate their salute before giving their supplementary
commands.
• SUPPLEMENTARY COMMAND
 Supplementary commands are not given by a sub-leader for the
combined commands HUMANAY, PALUWAG, TIWALAG or for mass
drills when his element forms part of a mass formation. However,
supplementary commands are given when forming a mass or when
forming a column from a mass.
 Except for commands while in mass formation, platoon leaders give
supplementary commands following the commands of the
commander. When the preparatory command is BALANGAY, the
platoon leaders immediately come to attention and command
PULUTONG. The company commander allows for all supplementary
commands before giving the command of execution.
• SUPPLEMENTARY COMMAND
When no direction is given, the response is
understood to be forward. When no rate of
march is given, the response is SIGLANG
HAKBANG (QUICK TIME). This normally
happens when a direction or rate of march
is included in the pre-command, or the
direction or rate of march is given as a
supplementary command.
• MASS COMMANDS
 Mass commands may be used to develop confidence and
promote enthusiasm. (They are definitely effective in
developing a command voice when instructing a leadership
course.)
 When the commander wants the unit to use mass
commands, he commands SA AKING PAG-UTOS (AT MY
COMMAND). The commander gives preparatory command
describing the movement to be performed. For example,
face the platoon to the right. The command of execution is
RAP (COMMAND). When the commander orders HARAP SA
KANAN, RAP (COMMAND), all personnel in the unit execute
the command HARAP SA KANAN (RIGHT FACE) in unison
• MASS COMMANDS
 To give mass commands while marching, the commander
gives the preparatory command for the movement and
substitutes KAD (COMMAND) for the command of
execution KAD (MARCH), for example, LIKO SA KANAN,
KAD (COLUMN RIGHT COMMAND); PABALIK KAD (REAR
COMMAND).
 Mass commands for the execution of the manual of arms
are given in the same manner as described in sub-
paragraphs a-c.
 When the commander wants to stop mass commands, he
commands SA AKING PAG-UTOS (AT MY COMMAND). The
normal method in the conduct of drills is then resumed.
 SECTION III

INDIVIDUAL MOMENTS
WITHOUT ARMS
MOVEMENTS WHILE AT HALT
GENERAL
a. This chapter contains most of the individual
positions and stationary movements required in
drills. These positions and the correct execution
of the movement in every detail should be
learned before proceeding to other drill
movements.
b. Movements are initiated from the position of
attention. However, some rest movements may
be executed from other rest positions.
POSITION OF ATTENTION
POSITION OF ATTENTION
a. In coming to attention, bring your heels together
smartly on the same line. Hold them as near each
other as the conformation of your body permits.
b. Turn your feet out equally, forming an angle of 45
degrees.
c. Keep your knees straight without stiffness.
d. Hold your hips level, your body erect, your chest
lifted and arched, your shoulders square and even.
POSITION OF ATTENTION
f. Let your arms hang straight down without stiffness,
thumbs along the seams of your trousers. Hold the back
of your hands out, with the fingers held naturally so that
the thumbs rest along the tip of the forefingers.
g. Keep your head erect and squarely to the front, your
chin drawn in so that the axis of your head and neck is
vertical. Look straight to the front (about 30 yards
ahead).
h. Rest the weight of your body equally on the heels and
the balls of your feet.
i. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed
REST POSITIONS
AT THE HALT
PARADE REST
 The command is TIKAS, PAHINGA. On the preparatory command, TIKAS, shift
the weight of your body to the right leg without noticeable movement. On the
command of execution, PAHINGA, and at the count of one, move the left foot
smartly twelve inches to the left of the right foot.
 The 12 inches are measured from the inside of the left heel to the inside of the
right heel. The legs remain straight without stiffness, allowing the body weight
to rest equally on both legs. At the same time the left foot is moved, clasped
behind the back. The left hand is placed at the small of the back, just below the
belt, and the right hand is placed inside the left. The thumb of the right hand
interlocks the thumb of the left hand. All the fingers are extended and joined
and the palms are to the rear. The elbows shall be in line with the body. Silence
and immobility are required. The only command is TILAP/PULUTONG or
BALANGAY, DA. On the command of execution, DA, smartly bring the left heel
against the right heel and, at the same time, drop the arms to the sides and
assume the position of attention.
AT EASE
 The command for this
movement is TINDIG
PALUWAG. On the
command of execution
PALUWAG, execute PARADE
REST, but turn the head
and eyes directly toward
the person in charge of the
formation. AT EASE or
REST may be executed
from this position.
AT EASE
 The command for this
movement is TINDIG
PALUWAG. On the
command of execution
PALUWAG, execute PARADE
REST, but turn the head
and eyes directly toward
the person in charge of the
formation. AT EASE or
REST may be executed
from this position.
REST
 The command for this movement is PAHINGA. On the command PAHINGA, the
soldier may move or talk, keeping his right foot in place, unless otherwise
directed. At ease may be executed from this position.
FALL OUT
1) At the command TIWALAG, you may leave the ranks but you are required to
remain in the immediate area. You resume your former place at attention in
ranks at the command HUMANAY.
2) Being at any of the rests except TIWALAG, to resume the position of attention
the command is – TILAP, HUMANDA. At the command TILAP take the position of
parade rest. At the command of HUMANDA, take the position of attention.
TINDIG PALUWAG, PALUWAG and PAHINGA can also be executed from the
position of attention.
DISMISS
At the command LUMANSAG, the troops shall execute
about face and leave the immediate vicinity, unless
instructed otherwise.
 EYES RIGHT
a. Used as a courtesy to reviewing officers and dignitaries during parades and ceremonies. It
is a one-count movement and the command is given while halted at attention or marching
at quick time. The commands are HANDA TINGIN SA KANAN (KALIWA), NA and HANDA,
RAP.
b. Assume you are halted at attention. Upon the approach of the reviewing officer, the unit
leader commands, HANDA TINGIN SA KANAN. On the command of execution, NA, and at
the count of one, all members of the formation smartly turn their heads 45 degrees to the
right. The shoulders remain square to the front. There is no command to terminate this
movement. When the reviewing officer comes into your line of vision, you will follow his
movement with your head and eyes until they are straight to the front. At this time the
movement is terminated, and you remain at the position of attention until given another
command.
FACING AT THE HALT
Facing to the flank is a two-count movement. The
command is HARAP SA KANAN (KALIWA), RAP. On
the command of execution, RAP slightly raise the
right heel and left toe, and turn 90 degrees to the
left on the left heel, assisted by a slight pressure on
the ball of the right foot. Keep the left leg straight
without stiffness and allow the right leg to bend
naturally. On the second count, place the right foot
beside the left foot, resuming the position of
attention. Arms remain at the sides, as in the
position of attention, throughout this movement.
FACING AT THE HALT
Facing to the rear is a two-count movement. The
command is HARAP SA LIKOD, RAP. On the command of
execution RAP, move the toe of the right foot to a point
touching the marching surface about half the length of
the foot to the rear and slightly to the left heel. Rest
most of the weight of the body on the heel of the left
foot and allow the right knee to bend naturally. On the
second count, turn to the right 180 degrees on the left
heel and ball of the right foot, resuming the position of
attention. Arms remain at the sides, as in the position of
attention, throughout this movement.
HAND SALUTE
HAND SALUTE
 The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command
is PUGAY KAMAY, NA, when wearing headgear with a visor
(with or without glasses). On the command of execution
NA, raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb
extended and joined, palm facing down, and place the tip
of the right forefinger on the rim of the visor slightly to
the right of the right eye. The outer edge of the hand is
barely downward so that neither the back of the hand nor
the palm is clearly visible from the front. The hand and
the wrist should be straight, the elbow inclined slightly
forward, and the upper arm is horizontal to the ground
with your forearm inclined at 45 degrees.
b. When wearing a headgear without a visor (or uncovered) and
not wearing glasses, execute the hand salute in the same
manner as previously described in sub-paragraph a, while
touching the tip of the forefinger to the forehead to that point
on the glasses where the temple frame meets the right edge of
the right eye brow.
c. When wearing a headgear without a visor (or uncovered) and
wearing glasses, execute the hand in the same manner as
described in sub-paragraph a, while touching the tip of the
right forefinger to that point on the glasses where the temple
piece of the frame meets the right edge of the right eye brow.
d. Order Arms from the hand salute is a one-count movement. The
command is BABA, KAMAY, NA. On the command of execution
NA, return the hand sharply to the side resuming the position
of attention.
e. When the rifle is slung to the right shoulder, the left hand
shall automatically hold the sling of the rifle across the
body then execute the hand salute in the same manner as
described in sub-paragraph a.
f. When carrying a rifle, salute can be done either in the
position of Attention or while in Right Shoulder Arms.
When executing Order Arms, raise the rifle at least three
(3) inches above the ground. Then execute sharply the
salute by touching the muzzle of the rifle with the left
hand. When executing at Right Shoulder Arms, just follow
the same sequence in the former but now touching the
rear sight knob of the rifle.
 SECTION IV

INDIVIDUAL MOMENTS
WITH ARMS
MANUAL OF ARMS
GENERAL
a) Thissection contains procedures for executing the manual
of arms with the M14/M16 Rifle in conjunction with
individual and unit drill movements.
b) Atthe halt, all movements are initiated from order arms
or sling arms, which are the positions of attention with
the rifle.
c) Allprecision movements are executed in quick-time
cadence.
d) For drill purposes, the modified magazine is carried in the
rifle. When performing duty requiring the use of
magazine, the rifle is carried at sling arms.
GENERAL
e) The command AGAP, TA or ISAKBAT, TA must be
given prior to the command for double time.
f) Execute HUMANAY with your rifle at Port Arms.
g) Movements for short distances are executed at
the trail by introducing the preparatory
command with the command BITBIT SANDATA
or BITBIT SANDATA, PASULONG, KAD. Take the
trail position at the command KAD, and
resume the order on halting.
GENERAL
h) With your rifle at order arms, bring it to the
trail while in motion when executing the
facing, alignments, opening and closing of
ranks, sidestep, backstep or extending and
closing. In each case take the position of trail
arms at the command of execution. Push and
pull your rifle smartly and resume order arms
position and adjust hands slowly
GENERAL
i) Facing movements are executed from order
arms or sling arms. When a facing is
necessary to establish the direction of March,
the facing movement is executed before the
command for the manual of arms. After a
marching movement has been completed,
BABA, TA or ISAKBAT, TA is commended prior
to the command for the facing movement.
GENERAL
j) To salute when you are not in ranks and at sling arms,
give the hand salute.
k) In all movements except those mentioned above, the
rifle is carried right shoulder arms in cadence. Execute
right shoulder, and arms, simultaneously with the
stepping off for any movement in cadence.
l) In halting, the rifle will be brought to order arms in
cadence, after halt has been completed as in a soldier
without arms, unless the command is preceded in
place, in which case, remain at the right shoulder
arms.
GENERAL
m) Port Arms Is the key position assumed in most
manual of arms movement from one position to
another except right shoulder arms from order
arms and order arms from right shoulder arms.
n) Manual of arms movement are a combination
of the position of attention and the procedures
for the prescribed movement. Most manual of
arms movements are executed with the head,
eyes , and body as in the position of attention.
RULES GOVERNING EXECUTION OF MANUAL
OF ARMS
 Order Arms
 Rest Position
• Parade Rest
• Stand at Ease
• Rest
• Rifle Position at Route Steps
 PORT ARMS
 PRESENT ARMS
 RIGHT SHOULDER ARMS
 ORDER ARMS
 Assume order arms
on the command
HUMANAY or from
parade rest on the
command of
execution
HUMANDA.
MGA UTOS HUKBO
NA NAGPATIBAY NG
KAPULUNGAN SA
PAGKAKAISA
 I. PAGSASANAY NG KAWAL NA WALANG SANDATA
(SCHOOL OF SOLDIERS WITHOUT ARMS)

A. KATAYUAN SA PAGTINDIG (POSITION OF ATTENTION)

1. Attention Humanda
2. Fall in Line Humanay
3. At Close Interval, Fall in Line Masinsing Pagitan, Humanay
4. Assemble Magtipon
5. As You Were Manumbalik
B. KATAYUAN SA PAHINGA NAKAHINTO
(REST AT THE HALT)
1. Parade Rest Tikas Pahinga
2. Stand at Ease Tindig, Paluwag
3. At Ease Paluwag
4. Rest Pahinga
5. Fall out Tiwalag
6. Dismissed Lumansag
C. PAGHARAP KUNG NAKAHINTO
(FACING AT THE HALT)
1. Right Face Harap sa Kanan, Rap
2. Left Face Harap sa Kaliwa, Rap
3. About Face Harap sa Likod, Rap
4. Left Half Face Harap Hating-Kaliwa, Rap
5. Right Half Face Harap Hating-Kanan, Rap
6. Center Face Harap sa Gitna, Rap
D. PAGPUPUGAY
(SALUTES)
1. Hand Salute Pugay Kamay, Na
2. Eyes Right Tingin sa Kanan, Na
E. HAKBANG AT LAKAD
(STEPS AND MARCHING)
1. Count Cadence Count Bilang Hakbang, Na
2. One Two Three Four Isa Dalawa Tatlo
Apat
3. Forward, March Pasulong, Kad
4. Squad/Platoon Halt Tilap Pulutong Hinto
5. Mark Time March Patakda, Kad
6. Half Step March Hating-Hakbang, Kad
7. Double Time March Takbong-Hakbang, Kad
8. Quick Time March Siglang-Hakbang, Kad
9. In Place Double Sa Lunan Takbong-
Time March Hakbang, Kad
10. Right Step March Hakbang Pakanan, Kad
11. Left Step March Hakbang Pakaliwa, Kad
12. Backward March Paurong, Kad
13. One, Two, Three, etc…., Step to the Right, March
Isa, Dalawa, Tatlo,atbp…., Hakbang Pakanan, Kad
14. Rear March Pabalik, Kad
15. Change Step March Palit-Hakbang, Kad
16. Route-Step March Layang Hakbang, Kad
17. At Ease March Paluwag, Kad
18. Column Right March Liko sa Kanan, Kad
19. Column Left March Liko sa Kaliwa, Kad
20. Column Half-Right March Liko Hating-Kanan, Kad
21. Column Half-Left March Liko Hating-Kaliwa, Kad
22. Incline to the Right Pagawing Kanan, Kad
23. Incline to the Left Pagawing Kaliwa, Kad
24. Right Flank March Kanang Panig, Kad
25. Left Flank March Kaliwang Panig, Kad
26. Right Turn March or Right Half Turn March
Pihit sa Kaliwa o Pihit sa Hating Kaliwa, Kad
27. Right Turn March or Right Half Turn March
Pihit sa Kaliwa o Pihit sa Hating Kaliwa, Kad
28. Right Oblique March Hilis Pakanan, Kad
29. Left Oblique March Hilis Pakaliwa, Kad
30. In Place Halt Sa Lunan Hinto
31. Resume March Patuloy, Kad
32. Assembly March Magtipon, Kad
33. Squads Right (Left) March
Pangkat Pakanan/Pakaliwa, Kad
34. Squads Right (Left) About March
Pangkat Pakanan/Pakaliwa Pabalik, Kad
35. Right (Left) by Squads March
Pangkat Pangkat Mula sa
Kanan/Kaliwa, Kad
 II. PAGSASANAY NG KAWAL NA MAY SANDATA
(SCHOOL OF SOLDIERS WITH ARMS)

A. PAGSASANAYSA PAGHAWAK NG SANDATA AT KALIS

(MANUAL OF ARMS FOR THE RIFLE AND SWORD)
1. Right Shoulder Arms Sa Kanang Balikat, Ta
2. Left Shoulder Arms Sa Kaliwang Balikat, Ta
3. Order Arms Ibaba, Ta
4. Present Arms Itanghal, Ta
5. Port Arms Agap, Ta
6. Inspection Arms Siyasat, Ta
7. Rifle Salute Pugay, Ta
8. Trail Arms Bitbit, Ta
9. Sling Arms Isakbat, Ta
10. Unsling Arms Libis, Ta
11. Fix Bayonet Ikabit ang Talibong, Na
12. Unfix Bionet Alisin ang Talibong, Na
13. Adjust Sling Ayusin ang Sakbat, Na
14. Stack Arms Itungkod, Ta
15. Take Arms Dampot, Ta
16. Ready Draw, Sword Antabay Bunot, Kalis
17. Ready Sheath Sword Antabay Salom, Kalis
 III. MALAPITANG PAGSASANAY

1. Dress Right Dress Tunton-Kanan,

Na
2. Dress Left Dress Tunton-
Kaliwa, Na
3. At close Interval, Dress Right Dress
Masinsing Pagitan, Tunton-Kanan, Na
4. Ready Front
Handa, Rap
5. Cover-Up
Tunton, Na
6. Guide Right
Patnubay sa Kanan
11. Stand Fast Manatili/Walang Kilos
12. Continue the March Tuloy ang Lakad
13. Prepare to Halt Humandang Huminto
14. Guides Right/Left Patnubay sa Kanan/Kaliwa
15. Guides on the Line Patnubay Sumahanay
16. Posts Sumalunan
17. Take Interval to the Right Ibayong Dalang
Pakanan/Pakaliwa, Na
18. Assemble to the Right (Left) March
Magtipon sa Kanan/Kaliwa, Kad
19. In Column of Platoons Sunuran ng mga Pulutong
20. In Column of Squads Sunuran ng mga Tilap
21. In Line of Platoons Mga Pulutong
Nakahanay
22. Leading Platoon Unang Pulutong
23. Platoon on the Line Pulutong Sumahanay
24. Right (Left) Front into Line March
Hanay Pakanan/Pakaliwa, Kad
25. On Right (Left) into Line March
Pangkat-pangkat Hanay
26. In Two Ranks Form Platoon March
Dalawang Hanay, Pulutong Humanay, Kad
27. Paltoon/Company Right (Left) March
Pulutong/Balangay Pakanan/Pakaliwa, Kad
28. File from the Right/Left or Right/Left File March
Sunuran Mula sa Kanan/Kaliwa o Isahan Mula sa
Kanan/Kaliwa, Kad
29. Extend on Rear-Platoon
Padalang sa Ikalawang Pulutong
30. Coy F/Sgt Tandis ng Balangay
 IV. PAGPALIT NG PAGITAN
(CHANGE INTERVAL)

1. Close March Lakad Masinsin, Kad

2. Extend March Padalang, Kad
3. Take Interval March Ibayong Dalang, Kad
4. Open Ranks March Pabukang Taludtod, Kad
5. Close Ranks March Masinsing Taludtod, Kad
V. PAGBILANG NG KAWAL
(COUNTING OF MEN)

1. Count Off Isahang Bilang, Na

2. Call Off Tuluyang Bilang, Na
3. Count by Twos/Threes/, Count
Dalawahang/Tatluhang Bilang, Na
4. By the Number Sabay na Bilang
 VI. MGA UTOS SA PATIKAS AT PAGMASID AT MGA SEREMONYA

1. First Call Unang Panawagan

2. Assembly Call Panawagan sa Pagtitipon
3. Guides on the Line Mga Patnubay Sumahanay
4. Guides Post Patnubay sa Lunan
5. Sir, the Parade is Formed
Ginoo, Handa na po ang Patikas
6. Sir, the Battalion is Formed
Ginoo,Handa na po ang Talupad
7. Take Your Post Sumalunan
8. Sound Off Ihudyat
9. Sir, the Troops is Ready for Inspection
Ginoo, Handa na po ang Pagtitipon sa
Pagsisiyasat
10. Troop the Line Libutin ang Hanay
11. Staff Behind Me Kalipunan, Sumalikod Ko
12. Receive the Report Tanggapin ang Ulat
13. Report Mag-ulat
14. _______ All Present or Accounted For
_______Narito po Lahat o Napag-alaman
15. Publish the Order Ipahayag ang Kautusan
17. Details for Today Mga Nakatalaga Ngayon
18. Field Officer of the Day Pinunong Panlarangan
19. Officer of the Day o Officer in Charge Pinunong
Tagapamahala o Pinunong Pangalaga
20. By Order of Sa Utos ni
21. Officers, Center March Mga Pinuno,
Pumagitna Kad
22. Officers Halt Mga Pinuno, Hinto
23. Officers, Post March Mga Pinuno, Balik Kad
24. Persons to be Decorated and All Colors, Center March
Mga Taong Pararangalan at mga Watawat, Pumagitna
Na
25. Colors, Reverse March Watawat, Palit-Lunan Kad
26. Sound the Retreat Ihudyat ang
Pagsilong
27. Pass-in-Review Pasa-Masid
28. Dismiss Your Companies
Lansagin ang Inyong Balangay
29. Take Charge of your Companies
Pamunuang ang inyong Balangay
30. Prepare for Inspection
Humanda sa Pagsisiyasat
31. Sir, This Concludes the Ceremony
Ginoo, Tapos na po ang Seremonya
32. Staff Behind Me, March
Kalupunan Sumalikod ko, Kad
THE END…