Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    Ch1 S2

    Uploaded by

    gjmoore

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ch1 S2

    Uploaded by

    gjmoore
    5 views33 pages

    Original Title

    Ch1_S2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    5 views33 pages

    Ch1 S2

    Uploaded by

    gjmoore

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    1.

    2 Using a Scientific Approach

    You are caught in the


    rain. Should you run or
    walk? Maybe you should
    run–less time in the rain
    means less water falls
    down on you. Maybe you
    should walk–moving
    slower causes you to run
    into fewer drops. This is a
    question that you can try
    to answer with a scientific
    approach.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods

    What is the goal of a scientific method?


    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    An organized plan for gathering, organizing, and
    communicating information is called a scientific
    method.
    • You can use a scientific method to search for the answer
    to a question.
    • Scientific methods can vary from case to case, depending
    on the question and how the researcher decides to look
    for an answer.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods

    The goal of any scientific method is to


    solve a problem or to better understand
    an observed event.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Here is an example of a
    scientific method. Each step
    uses specific skills. The
    order of steps can vary.
    Sometimes you will use all of
    the steps and other times
    only some of them.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Making Observations
    Scientific investigations often begin with observations.
    An observation is information that you obtain
    through your senses.

    Forming a Hypothesis
    A hypothesis is a proposed answer to a question.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Testing a Hypothesis
    In an experiment, any factor that can change is called
    a variable.
    • The manipulated variable causes a change.
    • The responding variable changes in response to the
    manipulated variable.
    • A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only
    one variable, the manipulated variable, is deliberately
    changed at a time.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Drawing Conclusions
    A conclusion describes how facts apply to a
    hypothesis.

    Developing a Theory
    A scientific theory is a well-tested explanation for a
    set of observations or experimental results. Once a
    hypothesis has been supported in repeated
    experiments, scientists can begin to develop a theory.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    Question: How does speed affect how wet you get in
    the rain?

    Hypothesis: The faster your speed, the drier you will


    stay.

    Experiment: Test whether speed affects how wet you


    get in the rain.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    In 1997, two meteorologists conducted a
    controlled experiment to determine if
    moving faster keeps you drier in the rain.

    One scientist walked 100 yards and the


    other ran the same distance. Variables,
    such as type of clothes, were controlled.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Methods
    The clothes of the walking scientist
    accumulated 217 grams of water; the
    clothes of the running scientist
    accumulated 130 grams of water.

    Draw a Conclusion: The scientists


    concluded that running in the rain keeps
    you drier.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Laws

    How does a scientific law differ from a


    scientific theory?
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Laws
    After repeated observations or experiments,
    scientists may arrive at a scientific law.

    • A scientific law is a statement that


    summarizes a pattern found in nature.
    • For example, Newton’s law of gravity is a
    scientific law that has been verified over and
    over. Scientists have yet to agree on a theory
    that explains how gravity works.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Laws

    A scientific law describes an observed


    pattern in nature without attempting to
    explain it. The explanation of such a
    pattern is provided by a scientific
    theory.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Models
    Why are scientific models useful?

    A model is a representation of an object or


    event. A street map is a model of a city.

    Scientific models make it easier to


    understand things that might be too
    difficult to observe directly.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Models
    This computer model represents the interior
    of an airplane. It helps the engineers
    visualize the layout of the plane.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Scientific Models
    Models help you visualize things that are
    too small to see, such as atoms, or things
    that are large, such as the solar system.

    An example of a mental, rather than


    physical, model might be that comets are
    like giant snowballs, primarily made of ice.

    As new data are collected, models can be


    changed or be replaced by new models.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Working Safely in Science


    Safety plays an important role in science.
    Laboratory work may involve flames or hot
    plates, electricity, chemicals, hot liquids, sharp
    instruments, and breakable glassware.
    Always follow your teacher’s instructions and
    the textbook directions exactly.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    1. What is a hypothesis?
    a. a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature
    b. a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or
    experimental results
    c. an experiment in which only one variable is deliberately
    changed at a time
    d. a proposed answer to a question
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    1. What is a hypothesis?
    a. a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature
    b. a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or
    experimental results
    c. an experiment in which only one variable is deliberately
    changed at a time
    d. a proposed answer to a question

    ANS: D
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    2. How does a scientific law differ from a theory?


    a. A scientific law describes observations while a theory
    provides an explanation.
    b. A scientific law cannot be changed by additional
    observations, but a theory can be changed.
    c. A theory is a possible explanation, but a scientific law is
    a proven explanation.
    d. There is no difference because scientific law and theory
    are two terms that mean the same thing.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    2. How does a scientific law differ from a theory?


    a. A scientific law describes observations while a theory
    provides an explanation.
    b. A scientific law cannot be changed by additional
    observations, but a theory can be changed.
    c. A theory is a possible explanation, but a scientific law is
    a proven explanation.
    d. There is no difference because scientific law and theory
    are two terms that mean the same thing.

    ANS: A
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    3. What is the main purpose of a scientific model?


    a. to show how a hypothesis was developed
    b. to prove a theory
    c. to make complex concepts easier to understand
    d. to show a large object, such as the Earth, in a smaller
    form
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    3. What is the main purpose of a scientific model?


    a. to show how a hypothesis was developed
    b. to prove a theory
    c. to make complex concepts easier to understand
    d. to show a large object, such as the Earth, in a smaller
    form

    ANS: C
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    4. How does a scientific law differ from a theory?


    a. Assume that it is safe because the school would not
    allow unsafe chemicals.
    b. Assume that it is a hazardous chemical because all
    chemicals are dangerous.
    c. Ask your teacher or check the procedure to find the
    correct safety precautions.
    d. Ask your lab partner whether the chemical is hazardous
    or not.
    1.2 Using a Scientific Approach

    Assessment Questions

    4. How does a scientific law differ from a theory?


    a. Assume that it is safe because the school would not
    allow unsafe chemicals.
    b. Assume that it is a hazardous chemical because all
    chemicals are dangerous.
    c. Ask your teacher or check the procedure to find the
    correct safety precautions.
    d. Ask your lab partner whether the chemical is hazardous
    or not.

    ANS: C

    You might also like