T3 (Developmental Tasks)

• Developmental Tasks
• Factors influencing the mastery of Developmental Taks

• Pillars of Human development
Crim 3 -Human
• Aproaches of Human development
Behavior &
Victimology
Prepared by:
Charen Gono, RCrim

Instructor
Stages of Development
and Developmental Tasks
For every developmental stage, there is an expected
developmental task. What happens when the expected developmental
task are not achieved at the corresponding developmental stage?
How can you hou help children achieve these developmental task?
Lifespan development - the term lifespan development refers to age-
related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life, into and
during old age.
Developmental task - developmental tasks serves as guidelines that

enable individuals to know what society expects them at any given age.
Such tasks motivate individuals to do what their respective social groups
expect them to do at certain ages during their lives. Finally, these tasks
show individuals what lie ahead and the corresponding expectations of
what they need to do when they reach their next stage of development.
Stages in the Human Lifespan
1. Pre-natal period ( 9 months )

2. Infancy- Babyhood ( birth - 2yrs )
3. Early Childhood ( 2 - 6 yrs )
4. Late Childhood ( 6 - 12 yrs )
5. Puberty - Adolescence ( 12 - 18 yrs )
6. Early Adulthood ( 18 - 40 yrs )
7. Middle Age ( 40 - 60 yrs )
8. Old age or Senescence ( 60 yrs - death )
1. Pre- Natal period/stage
- It involves tremendous growth - from a single cell to an organism

complete with brain and behavioral capabilities.
Progress Before Birth

Prenatal Development
3 Phases
• Germinal stage - first 2 weeks. Conception, implantation, formation of
placenta.
• Embryonic stage - 2 weeks and 2 months. Formation of vital organs
and system
• Fetal stage - 2 months and birth. Bodily grwth continues, movement
capability begins brain cell multiply. Age of viability.
2. Infancy- Babyhood ( birth - 2yrs )
- It constitutes the infancy stage of life. The infant’s basic needs being
met by the parents his interaction leading to trust or mistrust.
Characteristics of infant:
 Trust vs. Mistrust
 change from plump baby to learner more muscular toddler
 Begins to walk and talk upto 3 - 4 words as sentence
 Famous for negative behavior saying “NO!” to everything temper
tantrums
 Great imitators
 Need intense care
3. Early Childhood ( 2 or 3 - 6 yrs )
- considered by many parents as a problematic or troublesome age.

For educators, this is considered the preschool age.
Characteristics:
 Learning to take food, walk and talk
 Learning to control the elimination of body wastes
 Learning sex differences and learns clothing styles
 Getting ready to read
 Learning to distinguish right and wrong and learning to develop a
conscience. They Develop Fears (dogs, cats, etc..)
4. Late Childhood ( 6 - 12 yrs )
- generally defined as ages 6 to 9 and 9 through 12. Up until this point,

most children have been growing at fairly predictable rates. Now, all
bets are off due the often wild fluctuations in physical development
- elementary years. Troublesome age for parents,especially since,
according to psychologists, this is the “gang” age or the time at which
children seek conformity and become part of groups
 Beginning to develop appropriate masculine or feminine social roles

 Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating, a
conscience, a sense of morality, and a scale of values, attitudes
toward social groups and institutions
 Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
 Parental approval still important
5. Puberty - Adolescence ( 12 - 18 yrs )
-refers to the period of human growth that occurs between childhood and
adulthood
• traumatic life stage for child and parent
• Puberty occurs
Three stages of puberty:

(i) prepubescent
(ii) pubescent
(iii) post-pubescent
Three stages of adolescence:

(i) early or preadolescence ( 12- 14 yrs)
(ii) middle adolescence ( 15-17 yrs )
(iii) late adolescence ( 18 - 20 yrs )
6. Early Adulthood ( 18- 40yrs )
- the period from the end of adolescene.is is the period in which social roles and
relationships are materialized. The young adult becomes a fully functioning social
being assuming the role of a married family person.
-succesful completion of this stage can lead to comfortable relationships and a
sense of commitment,, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing
commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes
depression. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of love
 Completion of physical development

 Maturation and accepts criticism and
hangout with same age groups
7. Middle Age ( 40 -60 yrs )
-this stage is viewed as the misd life during which people become
aware of some decline in their physiological functions.It is a time of
stress and transition. Others may feel bored with their lives at around
this age and may feel awkward or inadequate when comparing
themselves with others and evaluationg their lives against them.
 Changes in physical appearancces

 Love and acceptance still take
a major roles
 Main concerns: children, health,
aging parent, job security and fear of aging
8. Old Age ( 60 yrs - death )
- with increasing life expectancy and longer work period there is a
delayed onset of the actual feeling of old age. Besides retirement from
active work life, the old people have to cope with many other
challenges such as their own declining physical fitness, ill health, death
of nees in the family including possible loss of spouse and loneliness.
ERIKSON’S 8 STAGES
STAGE PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS BASIC VIRTUE AGE
1 Trust vs mistrust Hope Infancy - Babyhood
2 Autonomy vs. shame Will Early childhood
3 Initiative vs. guilt Purpose Play age
4 industry vs. inferiority Competency School age
Ego identity vs. Role

5 Fidelity Adolescence
Confusion
6 Intimacy vs. isolation Love Early/young adulthood
7 Generativity vs. stagnation Care Middle age
8 Ego integrity vs. despair Wisdom Old age

Purposes of Developmental Tasks
 serves as guidelines that enable individuals to know what society expects them at any given
age.
 such tasks motivate individuals to do what their respective social groups expect them to do at
certain ages during their lives.
 show individuals what lie ahead and the corresponding expectations of what they need to do
when they reach their next stage of development.
Developmental Tasks during Each Stage of the Lifespan (Gines, et al, 1998) :
1. Babyhood and Early Childhood

• Learning to take solid foods
• Learning to walk and talk
• Learning yo control the tion of body waste
• Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
• Getting ready to read
• Learning to distinguish between right and wrong and beginning to develop a conscience
2. Late Childhood
• Learning physical skills that are necessary for ordinary games
• Building a wholesome attitude toward one’s self as a growing
individual
• Learning to get along with peers with the same age
• Beginning to develop appropriate social roles depending on one’s
gender
• Developing fundamental skills in reading, writingm and calculating
• Developing concepts and skills that are necessary for everyday living.
• Developing a conscience, a sense of morality, and a scale values
• Developing attitudes toward a social groups and institutions
• Achieving personal independence
3. Adolescence
• Achieving new and more mature relations with peers from both sexes
• Achieving masculine or feminine social roles
• Accepting one’s physique and using one’s body effectively
• Dessiring, accepting, and achieving socially responsible behaviors
• Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults
• Preparing for an economic career
• Preparing for marriage and family life
• Acquiring a set of valuess and an ethical system as a quide to one’s behavior
• Acquiring beliefs and a set of ideologies
4. Early Adulthood
• Getting started in an occupation
• Selecting a partner
• Learning to live with a marriage partner
• Starting a family
• Rearing children
• Managing a home
• Taking on civic responsibilities
• Finding a social group with whom one shares the same interests
5. Middle Age
• Achieving adult civic and social responsibilities
• Assisting teenage children to become responsible and happy adults
• Developing aduslt leisure-time activities
• Relating one’s self to one’s spouse as a person
• Accepting and adjusting to physiological changes of middle age
• Reaching and maintaining a satisfactoru performance in one’s occupation and career
• Adjusting to aging parents
6. Old age
• Adjusting to decreasing physical health

• Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
• Adjusting to the death of a spouse
• Establishing an explicit affiliation with members one’s peer group
• Establishing a satisfactory and safe physical living arrangement
• Adopting to changing or reduced social roles in a flexible way
Factors
Influencing the
Mastery of
developmental
Tasks
Handicaps to Mastery
• A retarded
• Poor health condition
developmental level
• Lack of opportunities to learn the • Physical defects

developmental tassks or lack of
guidance in their mastery
• Lack of motivation • A low intellectual level

Aids to Mastery
• A normal or accelerated • Good health and the
developmental level absence of sickness
• A high level of
• Opportunities to learn the Intelligence
developmetnal tasks and receiving
guidance in mastering them
• Strong motivation to learn • A sense of creativity

and improve
Four Pillars of Human Development
1. Equity- it is the idea that every person has the right to an education and health care,
that there must be fairness for all.
2. Sustainability- it encompasses the view that every person has the right to earn a living
that can sustain him or her, while everyone also has the right to access to goods more
evenly distributed among populations.
3. Production- it is the idea that people need more efficient social programs to be
introduced by their governments.
4. Empowerment- it is the view that people who are powerless, such as women, need to
be given power.
Thanks!
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• Developmental Tasks

• Factors influencing the mastery of Developmental Taks

Charen Gono, RCrim

Developmental task - developmental tasks serves as guidelines that

1. Pre-natal period ( 9 months )

- It involves tremendous growth - from a single cell to an organism

Progress Before Birth

- considered by many parents as a problematic or troublesome age.

- generally defined as ages 6 to 9 and 9 through 12. Up until this point,

 Beginning to develop appropriate masculine or feminine social roles

Three stages of puberty:

Three stages of adolescence:

 Completion of physical development

 Changes in physical appearancces

STAGE PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS BASIC VIRTUE AGE

1 Trust vs mistrust Hope Infancy - Babyhood

2 Autonomy vs. shame Will Early childhood

3 Initiative vs. guilt Purpose Play age

4 industry vs. inferiority Competency School age

Ego identity vs. Role

6 Intimacy vs. isolation Love Early/young adulthood

7 Generativity vs. stagnation Care Middle age

8 Ego integrity vs. despair Wisdom Old age

1. Babyhood and Early Childhood

• Adjusting to decreasing physical health

• Lack of opportunities to learn the • Physical defects

• Lack of motivation • A low intellectual level

• Strong motivation to learn • A sense of creativity

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