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European Union
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Introduction
Mechanism
Institutions
Constitution
Activities
Euro
Introduction
 Origin of European union can be traced back to 1951 when European
coal and steel community ecsc was formed by
Belgium ,France ,Germany ,Italy, Luxembourg and Netherlands
under treaty of Paris two new bodies were created by these
countries European atomic energy community and European
economic community with a view of achieving political unity and
economies integrate.
 All the three bodies collectively known as European Community.
 Amendments were carried to the earlier treaties by single European
Act of Luxembourg in 1985
 The European community was renamed by European union 1 nov 1993.
Introduction
The European union is the organization comprising countries in western Europe
that have decide
To cooperate across variety of areas ranging from a single market foreign policy
Cooperation in European economic community common foreign policy and
security policy and in the field of justice and home affairs
27 countries are now its member
Six were its original member states
Belgium ,France ,Germany ,Italy, Luxembourg and Netherlands
Mechanism
 Treaty of Rome 1957

 This initial treaty established basic principle of freedom of
movement goods persons services and capital.
 The basic institutions mechanism were created
 Council of ministers
 European commission
 European court of justice
 European parliament
 It is more supranational than intergovernmental agreement.
 Single European act
 This is an effort to complete integrated m market by striving for
harmonization of regulations with respect to financial services
insurance as well as product safety and technical standard
Maastricht Treaty1991
 The Maastricht criteria (also known

as the convergence criteria) are the
criteria for European Union member
states to enter the third stage of
European Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU) and adopt the euro as
their currency.
 They impose control over inflation,
public debt and the public deficit,
exchange rate stability and the
convergence of interest rates.
Institutions
Council of minsters
European commission
European parliament
Court of justice
Economic and social committee
Council of minister
In the Council, government ministers from each EU country

meet to discuss, amend and adopt laws, and coordinate policies.
The ministers have the authority to commit their governments
to the actions agreed on in the meetings.
 EU member governments, adopting EU laws and coordinating EU
policies
Government ministers from each EU country, according to the
policy area to be discussed
Brussels (Belgium)
European commission
It the body comprising of 33 members with formal and

exclusive power to initiate all EU legislation .
It is accountable only to the European parliament as well as to
the European court .
small states have one commissioner
Larger states have two
That makes a total 33 commissioner
These are nominated by their governments must be acceptable
to all governments leaders of the member states.
European parliament.
• European parliament.
• 1000 members.
• Membership is accorded to the member states on basis Of
population and economic potential.
• It can veto the budget .
• It has limited authority to amend legislation.
• It powers have strengthened over time but remain limited .
• European court of Justice • Economic and social
committee
 Can be compared with supreme
 Court of US
 Consists of representative
drawn from economic & social
 Task of interpreting treaties life of member state
 Secondary EU legislation when  Appointed by council for term
 Disputes arise of 4 years
 Ruling or binding for all members  One third represent trade

union
 state
 One third employers
 Consisting of 15 Judges
 Rest represent general
interest
Constitution
• European union was operating on the basis four treaties which were
complex and big
• EU leaders decided to replace them with single document
• 2003 convent was signed
• June 2004 agreed by member states
• New constitution describes values objectives and competence of eu
• Charter of fundamental rights
• It increases the powers of EU parliament and created post of forign
affairs minister to increase its influence
Activities Euro
Eu has Europe wide legislation  Most important integrating step since Europe
become unification process in last 1950 ‘s.
It is imitated by eu commission  First major transition to the economic and
monetary union occurred on 11 December 1991.
Passed into law by com
 ECB responsible for the management of the
And eu parliament and monitored foreign reserves of the members countries
interest rates, setting foreign exchange rates.
by eu court of justice
 Also responsible for the production of notes
Maastricht provides for common and coins.
 Euro was only a trading currency.
Foreign policy and security policy
 It could not b e used to purchase consumer
goods.

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European Union

 Treaty of Rome 1957

 The Maastricht criteria (also known

In the Council, government ministers from each EU country

It the body comprising of 33 members with formal and

 Ruling or binding for all members  One third represent trade

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