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    Lesson8 - Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes

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    Ma. Cristina Adalid

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lesson8 - Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Cristina Adalid
    2 views38 pages

    Original Title

    Lesson8- Genes, DNA, And Chromosomes

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views38 pages

    Lesson8 - Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Cristina Adalid

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 38

    Word Match Activity 1. 2.

    • base pair
    • cell 3.
    • chromosome
    • DNA
    (Deoxyribonucleic
    6.
    Acid) 5.
    • double helix*
    • genes
    • nucleus 4.

    Illustration Source: Talking Glossary of Genetic


    Terms http://www.genome.gov/glossary/
    Word Match Activity 1. nucleus 2. chromosome

    • base pair
    • cell 3. cell
    • chromosome
    • DNA
    (Deoxyribonucleic
    6.
    Acid) base pair
    • double helix* 5.
    • genes DNA
    • nucleus 4.
    genes
    Illustration Source: Talking Glossary of Genetic
    Terms http://www.genome.gov/glossary/
    Genes , DNA & Chromosomes
    Short Review
    Short Review
    What is the process called that produces
    gametes?

    What process brings gametes together?

    Explain why some human cells have 46


    chromosomes and some have only 23.
    Question 1:
    What is the process called that produces
    gametes?

    The process that forms gametes is called


    Meiosis.
    Question 2:
    What process brings gametes together?

    The process that brings gametes together is


    called fertilization.
    Question 3:
    Explain why some human cells have 46
    chromosomes and some have only 23.
    Most cells in the human body do have 46
    chromosomes, however the gametes only have 23
    which will pair up in fertilization to make 46 in the
    zygote.
    Lesson Purpose and Intention
    Lesson Purpose and Intention
    ✔ This lesson is about the important part that
    chromosomes, DNA, and genes play in
    reproduction.
    ✔ The lesson may also help learners to better
    understand inheritance.
    Lesson Language Practice
    heredity

    genotype genome

    Diploid

    haploid
    DEFINITION
    TERM

    Heredity The passing on of physical or mental characteristics


    genetically from one generation to another

    Genotype The genetic code.

    Genome The entire set of DNA of an organism.

    Haploid The cell has a single set of chromosomes.

    The cell has two complete sets of chromosomes


    Diploid
    (one from each parent).
    Gene
    A gene
    is a segment of
    DNA and is the
    basic unit of
    heredity. We
    have two copies
    of each gene,
    one from our
    mother and one
    from our father.
    During fertilization, the gametes
    unite allowing genes from each
    parent to combine, which results in
    differences in the DNA composition
    or genotypes and therefore
    explains the genetic variability of
    offspring.
    DNA
     Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic
    material located inside a chromosome in the
    nucleus of the cell.
     All living things contain DNA, the self-replicating
    genetic material that directs the activities and
    functions of the cells.
     The DNA from the parents is transmitted to the
    offspring to ensure the continuity of life.
    Each chromosome is formed from a
    long strand of a DNA molecule that
    contains a linear array of genes.
    How many chromosomes?

    In humans, the chromosome number of the parent cell is diploid


    (2n), and the chromosome number of each of the four daughter cells is haploid
    (n).
    Mutations
    A mutation is a change that
    occurs in our DNA sequence, either
    due to mistakes when the DNA is
    copied, or as the result of
    environmental factors such as UV
    light and cigarette smoke. Mutation
    occurs during DNA replication.
    Types of Mutation
    Types of Mutation
    Examples of Mutated Organism
    Component 4B

    Q1. What is a gene?

    A gene is a segment of DNA and the


    basic unit of heredity.
    Q2. What is a genome?

    A genome is the entire set of DNA for an


    organism.
    Q3. Of the three important features of human
    reproduction DNA, gene and chromosome,
    which is the largest and which is the
    smallest?

    The largest of the three is the chromosome


    and the smallest is the gene.
    Component 4C

    Q1. What does DNA stand for?

    DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid.


    Q2. How does a mutation occur?

    A mutation occurs when there is a


    change in our DNA sequence either due
    to a mistake in replication or due to
    environmental factors
    Q3. Explain the process of fertilization in terms
    of DNA.
    The process of fertilization is when the sperm
    and the egg join to make a cell called the zygote.
    This allows the genes from each parent to
    combine and so results in differences in the DNA
    composition and therefore the differences in the
    offspring from the parents.
    Lesson Conclusion
    Question 1:
    Has this lesson helped you to
    better understand the
    importance of the DNA
    molecule? If so, how?
    Question 2:
    What was hard to do or
    understand in the lesson?
    REMINDER:
    Submit your worksheet.
    Decode Me!
    _3_3 5_ 17H3 1_2 5 C

    U 23 5_ O 22

    _3 25 3 D 5 17 19
    G3_20 7 3 52 17H3

    E23 17 5R3 S317 20 22

    12 23 11
    F3 25T5L5 9 11 17 5O23 5 2

    8H3 23 2P3 25 7 11N12

    E1515 21E2424 6205N

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