Pronouns

PRONOUNS
• Ali and Fatima are friends. He helps her in studies. They work
together.
• Ali and Fatima study with each other.
I, we, you, he, she, it, they, etc.
Personal
Pronouns
Myself, herself, yourself, etc.

Reflexive Relative
Pronouns Pronouns Who, which, that, whom, etc.
PRONOUNS
One, each, every, other, etc. Indefinite Distributive

Either, neither, anyone, etc.
Pronouns Pronouns
Reciprocal
Pronouns
Each other, one another, etc.

Personal
Pronouns
1st 2nd 3rd

Person Person Person
Person Speaking Person being Person being
spoken to spoken about
(I, We)
(You) (They, he, she, it)
Subjective case Objective case
• I, • Me
• We • Us
• They • Them
• He • Him
• She • Her
• You • You
• I gave her a pen.
• She gave me a pen.
Subjective Case
• After “be” verb (be, is, am, are, was, were etc.), we use subjective case
of pronouns.
• I, we
• You
• They, he, she, it
For Example,
It was they/them who said so.
It is not we/us who are stupid but you.
It was he/him who made his way to Spain.
Objective Case
•After action verbs and prepositions, we use objective case of pronouns.

•Me, us
•You
•Them, her, him, whom
For Example,
I could hear he/him behind me.
You remain quiet and leave this fellow to me/I.
I think it is a good idea for you and me/I to meet soon.
Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive pronouns are used independently; they are not followed by any
noun or gerund.
• Mine, ours, yours, its, theirs, hers
For Example,
I have my own problems, and I have nothing to do with your/yours.
I have nothing to do with your/yours problems.
This book is mine.
This is my book.
Example
• Your book / yours

• My book / mine
• Our book / ours
• Her book / hers
• Their book / theirs.
Possessive Pronouns and “Apostrophe”
• Do not add apostrophe to possessive pronouns

• Mine, ours, yours, theirs, hers, its.
• Its : possession : I have a cat. Its tail is fluffy.
• It’s : It is : It’s raining outside.
For Example,
I shall try to remember those older faces of yours’/yours.
It is, as far as I know, the only one of its/its’ kind growing in our country.
My work is no business of yours/yours’.
Pronouns after ‘than’
• If than compares one subject with the other subject, we use subjective case of pronoun after than.
For example,
He is stronger than me/I.
He is stronger than You.
you are stronger than he.
My dear fellow, you are fitter than me/I.
She is taller in height than I.
• If than compares one object with other object, we use objective case of
pronoun after than.
For example.
I like him more than her/she.
• If than compares one possessive with the other possessive, we use
possessive case of pronoun after than.
For example,
His handwriting is more impressive than me/I/mine.
She had a clever brain than he/him/his.
She has a clever brain than you/your/yours.
No Pronouns
• Sometimes, the use of pronoun creates confusion as to which noun the

pronoun is referring. To avoid such confusions, repeat the noun or use
expressions like the former/the latter.
For example,
The supervisors told the workers that they would get bonus.
The supervisors told the workers that the latter would get bonus.
The supervisors told the workers that the workers would get bonus.
Order of Pronouns
• 2nd person, 3rd person, 1st person (in positive sense)

• 1st person, 3rd person, 2nd person (in negative sense)
For example,
You, he and I have finished the work.
I, he and you are to be blamed.
They and you are looking back to the past.
You, he and I are hopeful for the future.
Let Ali and him go to work.

You and Sam are going to eat pizza for lunch.
He loves Aslam and Me.
Aslam and I are going to the party.
Boss ordered Aslam and me.
Relative Pronouns (WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT)
• Who and Whom are used for humans.

• Who is used as the subject of a verb, and whom is used as the object of the verb.
For example,
The police want the women who telephoned them.
There are five people whom the police want to interview.
This is the boy who works hard.
This is the judge who punished the thief.
This is the thief whom the judge punished.
There was nobody to whom she could turn for help.
Who do you think has stolen my bag?
To whom should I complain against you?
• Which refers to non-humans.
• Whose is used for possession.
For example,
Outside my bedroom are two trees whose branches touch my window.
In the next room was the man whose voice was very loud.
This is the poet whose poems are famous.
This is the car which runs fast.
This is the building which is visited by all.
• We prefer that to which/who in the following expressions
• All/none/nothing/superlative/the same/whole/only
For example,
All which/that glitters is not gold.
This is the best that/which we can offer.
I stand in good relation to all that is beautiful.
It was one of the best days which/that I ever had in my life.
This is the same boy that came late.
Reflexive Pronouns
• Reflect back to the subject of sentence (refer to the person or animal that is the subject of the
verb)
• Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves and themselves.
Michael is looking at himself in the mirror.
Susan has hurt herself.
Emphatic Pronouns: (emphasis)
I myself completed the project.
• Object of the verb
I hurt myself
He had a fall and knocked himself out.
• Object of preposition
She was sitting by herself
You worry about yourself too much.
• Indirect Object of the verb
He poured himself a drink
We found ourselves a couple of chairs.
Indefinite Pronouns
• Some, Any, Every, No, (body, one, thing)

• Indefinite pronouns are used when we are not referring to any particular
person or thing.
For example,
Something is wrong with my computer.
Is anyone at home?
I shall be glad to help everyone of my boys in his studies.
Each must do his/her best.
No one knows the answer to this question.
Reciprocal Pronouns
• Each other – used for two

• One another – used for more than two
For example,
Ali and Asad play with each other.
Ali, Asad and Akram fight with one another.
Both the teams played hard against each other.
Exercise
• After finishing the project, the team celebrated by taking a photo of them. (x)
• After finishing the project, the team celebrated by taking a photo of themselves.
• He, you and I are mistaken. (x)
• I, he and you are mistaken.
• Let Fatima and I go to park. (x)
• Let Fatima and me go to park.
• John and you deceived Ali and I. (x)
• John and you deceived Ali and me.
• His dresses are more beautiful than I. (x)
• His dresses are more beautiful than mine.
• You are fatter than me. (x)
• You are fatter than I.
• John cares for she more than I. (x)
• John cares for her more than me.
• You, he and I are honest with our work.
• I, he and you are deceiving the innocent people.

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PRONOUNS

Myself, herself, yourself, etc.

One, each, every, other, etc. Indefinite Distributive

Each other, one another, etc.

1st 2nd 3rd

•After action verbs and prepositions, we use objective case of pronouns.

• Your book / yours

• Do not add apostrophe to possessive pronouns

• Sometimes, the use of pronoun creates confusion as to which noun the

• 2nd person, 3rd person, 1st person (in positive sense)

Let Ali and him go to work.

• Who and Whom are used for humans.

• Some, Any, Every, No, (body, one, thing)

• Each other – used for two

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