T4 Understanding OBTDS

Technical - Vocational Education & Training
“THE OUTCOME-BASED
APPROACH
TO
TECHNICAL –
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
AND TRAINING”
BUT! Who is the customer of the system?

• Commerce
• Industry
• Government
Commerce, Technical and
communicates needs and priorities
Industry Professional
and responds with Education &

system and programs / courses
Government to meet those needs Training
HOW ARE THESE NEEDS

IDENTIFIED AND
COMMUNICATED?
Usually through a job
analysis process with the development
of occupational standards
AT...
The industry wide level or

organization level
Producing Industry Manpower

Requirements
Occupational Curriculum and

Standards Learning Modules
Development Development
of OS of Curriculum
Recognition
Assessment &
Conduct of of TVET
Certification
Training Program
OUTCOME BASED
AS AN APPROACH TO LEARNING ...
 places most emphasis on what the learner

should be able to do
 is focussed on performance rather than on
learning process within specified times
 is concerned with the demonstration or
provision of evidence of KSA to a specific
level of Competence
SYSTEM and DELIVERY FEATURES

of the OUTCOME-BASED APPROACH
 TVET program is based on curriculum
developed from the occupational
standards
 Learning is driven by competences written
to the occupational standards
 Local education and training is
benchmarked to international standards
 Time for starting and completing the

course is not within rigid time periods
 The system allows for learners to enter
and exit program and receive an award
for modules attained at any point
 Learning is modular and provides
opportunity for right mix of on and off the
job
 Learning module is defined as an instructional

package dealing with single conceptual unit of
subject matter and enabling the learner to
master one module before entering another
 Training materials are directly related to the
units of competence and the learning modules
 Assessment of learners is based on
performing competences required by a
specific learning outcome and by the
occupational standard as a whole
Characteristics of Outcome
Based TVET System Curriculum
• Curricula need to reflect the specific
context and conditions of occupational
learning.
Respective relevant aspect of training delivery such as
disparate target groups and their characteristics, mode
of delivery, regional conditions and availability of
training resources have to be taken into account
• Curricula should reflect learning then

practice, assessment and progression
or reassessment until competent
• A different group of developers may
come up with different curriculum
structure but what is essential is that the
outcomes of the training and
assessment of the total course are
constant with the occupational standard
• The learning module or modules are self

contained.
 It should already contain the contextual (knowledge-

based), skills (performance-based) and attitudes
(behavioral-based) requirement of the unit of
competence.
 The contextual part includes the science,
mathematics and language necessary to the
understanding and performance of the competence
• Curricula need to be revised periodically
Since occupations and their specific characteristics

change over the time and occupational standards
will be reviewed and adapted accordingly within
the process of OS revision, curricula need also to
be revised in order to continuously reflect “up to
date” occupational requirements.
Outcome-Based Training Delivery Flow

Trainee Trainor/Teacher
Enter program Conduct pre-assessment

• Administer RPL/RCC
• Explain training mechanics
Attend orientation • Role of trainer/trainee
Check
competencies Facilitate training
and receive sessions
instructions • Administer learning
contract
• Organize learning strategy
• Introduce and provide
learning materials
• Introduce the use of
Review learning trainees record book
package
View multimedia
materials
Conduct institutional
Use manuals assessment
Observe
demonstration
Practice skills in Observe & rate performance
workshop
Receive assistance &
advice Provide feedback
Yes Satisfactorily No Trainor provide

Exit program performed all counseling
competences?

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Technical - Vocational Education & Training

Technical - Vocational Education & Training

BUT! Who is the customer of the system?

and responds with Education &

HOW ARE THESE NEEDS

The industry wide level or

Producing Industry Manpower

Occupational Curriculum and

 places most emphasis on what the learner

SYSTEM and DELIVERY FEATURES

 Time for starting and completing the

 Learning module is defined as an instructional

• Curricula should reflect learning then

• The learning module or modules are self

 It should already contain the contextual (knowledge-

• Curricula need to be revised periodically

Since occupations and their specific characteristics

Outcome-Based Training Delivery Flow

Enter program Conduct pre-assessment

Yes Satisfactorily No Trainor provide

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