LAW ENFORCEMENT

ADMINISTRATION (LEA 1)
POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
By: Jhan Mark L. Zerna, Rcrim
The 5 pillars of Criminal Justice System (CJS)
• LAW ENFORCEMENT - is also known as the prime mover of the CJS
because it initiates the whole system through the arrest of an individual.
• PROSECUTION - Gather necessary evidence with the help of the law
enforcement. It determines the existence of prima facie case.
• COURT - known as the center or core of the CJS, it is also the arbiter of
justice, conducts hearing and render authoritative judgement.
• CORRECTION - reforms and rehabilitates the offenders. The weakest
pillar of CJS
• COMMUNITY- known as the widest pillar, the place where the criminal
comes from and where he will return
 ORIGIN OF THE WORD "POLICE"

• POLITEIA - a Greek word which means the government of the city.

• POLITIA - a Roman word which means Condition of the state or government.

• POLICE - a French word which was later adopted by the English language.
 THE EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM
1.THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD (ANCIENT ENGLAND)

A. TUN POLICING SYSTEM – forerunner of the word town.

- Under this system, all male residents are required to guard the town(tun) to preserve the peace,
maintain order, and protect life and property from harm and disturbance.
•Tithing = 10 families
•Tithingman - leader of a tithing

• Reeve - leader of 10 Tithing

B. HUE AND CRY - A village law stated in Britain which provided methods of apprehending criminal
by an act of the complainant to shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the suspect.
C. TRIAL BY ORDEAL

- a judicial practice wherein the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to

unpleasant, usually dangerous experience.

• Ordeal - from medieval Latin word "Dei Indicum" which means "a miraculous decision".

2. NORMAL PERIOD POLICING SYSTEM

•A. SHIRE-RIEVE - said to be the origin of the word sheriff.

• - a policing system during normal period when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military
areas called SHIRES, each headed by a ruler called RIEVE. The SHIRE-RIEVE had absolute
powers that no one could questions his or her actions.
•Two (2) CONSTABULI were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties.
B. TRAVELLING JUDGE
•- a judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judge by the shire-rieve and tasked to travel through and hear criminal

cases.

•This was the first instance of the division of the police and judicial power.

C. LEGES HENRICI PRIMI

•an act that was enacted during this period with the following features:

• Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.

• Policeman becomes public servant.

• The police and citizens have the broad power to arrest. Thus, introduced the system called citizen's arrest.

• Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts of the crime and

eliminate the anglo-saxon trial or trial by ordeal system.

D. MAGNA CARTA or "THE GREAT CHARTER"
•a law promulgated by King John of England upon the demand of the knights of the round table

forcing the king to sign the same with the following features:

•No free man shall be taken, imprisoned, banished or exiled, except by legal judgment of his peers.

•No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.

E. FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM
•a system of policing whereby a group of ten (10) neighboring male residents over twelve (12) years
of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the

people.
3. WESTMINSTER PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM
•it is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of England, which at the time was

Westminster.

A. STATUTE OF 1295
•the law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of London during

sundown.

B. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE (about 1361)

•Three or Four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to pursue, arrest, chastise and imprison

violators of the law.

C. STAR CHAMBER COURT (1487)

•a special court designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-up is formed in a shape of star and judges were
given great powers such as the power to force testimony from a defendant leading to a great abuse of power or brutality on

the part of the judges.

4.THE MODERN POLICING SYSTEM
•In 1829, Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police Act which established a full-time, professional and centrally

organized police force for the greater London area.

• He is regarded as the Father of Modern Policing System.

PEELS CONCEPT OF POLICING

1. The police should be organized along military lines.

2. The police should be placed under screening and training.

3. The police should be hired on a probationary basis.

4. The Police should be deployed by time and by area.

5. Police Headquarters should be accessible to the people.

6. Police-Record keeping is essential.

•PRINCIPLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ADVOCATED BY SIR ROBERT PEEL

1. Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the police.

2. Police must have the full respect of the citizenry.

3. A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for the police.

4. Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of force increases.

5. Police must render impartial enforcement of the law.

6. Physical force is used only as a last resort.

7. The police are the public and the public are the police.

8. The police represent the law.

9. The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency

 ENGLAND
a. BOW STREET RUNNERS - a group of men organized to arrest offenders
-organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in London in 1749, the name was adopted from the name of the
Street where the office of Henry Fielding was located, when he retires as a magistrate, he was replaced by his
blind brother John Fielding
b. Metropolitan Police Act 1829
- the law that created the first modern Police force in London England called the "Metropolitan Police Service".

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

a. New York Police Department

- created in 1845, recognized as the first modern style Police Department in the US.
- considered as the largest Police Force in the world and a modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service in
England.
b. Boston Police Department

• - the oldest Police Department of the US, the first night watch was established in Boston on 1631

•- formally founded on May 1854

• August Vollmer - recognized as the Father of modern Law Enforcement for his contributions of
the field of CJS in the US.
 EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

1. SPANISH PERIOD

a. Carabineros - organized on 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the

Department of State. They were armed and considered as the mounted police.

b. Guardrillos/Cuadrillo - rural police organized in each town and established by the

Royal Decree on January 18, 1836.

-this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to

be enlisted in police organization for 3 years.

c. Guardia civil - created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on February 12, 1852, to

partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns.
2. AMERICAN PERIOD
•The Americans established the United States Philippine commission headed by General Howard

Taft as its first governor-general.

•January 9, 1901, Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act no. 70 of the

Taft Commission.
A. Organic act no. 175 - Vice Governor Luke E Wright proposed the passage of this act which
recommended the Creation of an insular force.

• on August 8, 1901, the Insular Constabulary (IC) was established.

B. Act no. 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901.
C. Capt. George Curry - the first chief of Police of the Manila Police Department
in 1901.
D. Act no. 255 - this act renamed the Insular Constabulary (IC) into Philippine
Constabulary (PC) enacted on October 3, 1901.
E. Brig. Gen Henry T. Allen - was the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary
(PC)
• Brig Gen Rafael T. Crame- was the first Filipino chief of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC)
•3. POST AMERICAN PERIOD

• R.A 4864 - otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966 which was enacted on
September 8, 1966.
- created the Police Commission (POLCOM) that was renamed into National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM)
4. MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
PD 765 - otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975.
- it established the Integrated National Police (INP)
- the authority of the NAPOLCOM over the INP was transferred to the office of the President and
later to the Ministry of National Defense.
5. POST MARTIAL LAW REGIME
a. Executive order No. 1012 - transferred to the city and municipal government
the operational supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their
locality. July 10, 1985
b. Executive Order No. 1040 - transferred the administrative control and
supervision of the INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the NAPOLCOM.
c. R.A 157 - created the national Bureau of Investigation (NBI) on June 19, 1947,
and later reorganized by R.A 2678.
d. R.A 6975 - known as the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990. It reorganized the DILG and
established the PNP, BFP BJMP and the Philippine Public Safety College.
e. R.A no. 8551 - known as the PNP Reform Act and Reorganization Act of 1998
which was enacted on February 27, 1998, amending certain provisions of R.A 6975
and allowing the reorganization of the PNP to enable to cop up and effectively
perform its mandate "to enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain public
peace and order and ensure public safety and internal security with the active
support of the community.
f. R.A 9708 - the law amending the provisions of R.A 6975 and R.A 8551 on the
minimum educational qualifications for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the
promotion system. Took effect on August 12, 2009
 IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917.

Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935.

Col. Lambert Javalera - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the
Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946.

Dir. Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the Philippine National Police.
 THE POLICE ORGANIZATION
The organization guides members in its operation of the assigned duties. It enhances better
administration of the department. Good organization and administration would eventually mean
effective and efficient police work. Organization can also be distinguished by their degree of
formality and structure:

1. FORMAL ORGANIZATION-is defined as those organizations that are formally established for
explicit purpose of achieving certain goals.
2. INFORMAL ORGANIZATION- are those sharing the basic characteristic of all organizations
arise through the social interactions of individuals or through family grouping.
 What is ORGANIZATION?

 It is a form of human association for the attainment of goal or objective.

 It is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining
and delegating responsibility and authority establishing relationships for the
propose of enabling people work effectively.
 THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

1. HOME RULE THEORY

- policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the
efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people.
- Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace
and security.

2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities
- the people have no share or have neither little participation with the duties nor
connection with the police organization.
 CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

1. OLD CONCEPT
- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery
- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing
number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent
them from committing crimes.

2. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of
crime prevention
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare of
the individual as well as that of the community in general.
ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS IN THE POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. Functional Unit
Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department; comprised of
several divisions.

Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.

Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within an
organization.
2. Territorial Units

Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.

Route - a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also called line beat.

Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or motorized.

Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.

District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its
own station.

Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated

districts.
 FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization, delivering the services
and dealing directly with the public
- the backbone of the police department
- examples of the line functions of the police are patrolling, traffic duties, crime
investigation
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line functions and assist in the performance of
the line functions
- examples of the staff functions of the police are planning, research, budgeting and legal
advice.
3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the organization.
- examples are training, communication, maintenance, records management, supplies and
equipment management
 ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control.

2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions examples are personnel, finance,
planning and training.

3. SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records management, supplies.
 What is ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE?

- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members,

positions, departments and functions or work of the organization.

- it is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities and

authorities of individuals within the organization.
 KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
1. LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the highest to the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher level of authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments.
2. FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized units
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authority above.
3. LINE AND STAFF
- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff departments that
service,
advise, and support them
- generally, more formal in nature and has many departments
 ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES:
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1. AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and position

2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a purpose.

3. DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the org. are
based on the statement of doctrines

4. DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in
the execution of orders

2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise

Factors affecting the span of control:

a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees

3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position to a lower-level position.
4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward
through the department

HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in

any given organization

5. SPECIALIZATION
- the assignment of personnel to a task

*SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)

- the designation of certain activities or tasks as ones that must be performed in a highly.
technological, scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover works, crime scene operations, legal
advising, computer work, SWAT operations and others.
*SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- the designation of persons as having expertise in a specific area of work
- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the requirements through extensive
training.

6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom based on rank or position and
authority.

7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective
supervision and control.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

• The Philippine National Police (Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas, acronymed as PNP)
is the armed NATIONAL POLICE FORCE in the Philippines. Its national headquarters is at Camp
Crame in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Currently, it has 220,000 personnel.
• The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of
the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are
operationally controlled by municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and
equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope
and civilian in character.
• The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated
National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.
 IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF
PHILIPPINE POLICING

Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame

- the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917.

Col. Antonio Torres

- the first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935.

Col. Lambert Javalera

- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in 1946.

Dir. Gen. Cesar Nazareno

- the first chief of the Philippine National Police.
HISTORY

• Passed on December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975, the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990 paved the way for a new era for Philippine law enforcement as the law
ordered the total merger of both the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police and
formally created the Philippine National Police. R.A. 6975 was further amended by R.A. 8551, the
Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, and by R.A. 9708. The R.A.
8551 envisioned the PNP to be a community- and service-oriented agency.

• On June 14, 2019, the PNP announced that the Counter-Intelligence Task Force will be replaced
with the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 6975

December 13, 1990
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
UNDER A REORGANIZED DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
• Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared to be the
policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure public safety
and further strengthen local government capability aimed towards the
effective delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the
establishment of a highly efficient and competent police force that is
national in scope and civilian in character. Towards this end, the State
shall bolster a system of coordination and cooperation among the
citizenry, local executives and the integrated law enforcement and
public safety agencies created under this Act.
• The police force shall be organized, trained and equipped primarily for
the performance of police functions. Its national scope and civilian
character shall be paramount. No element of the police force shall be
military nor shall any position thereof be occupied by active members
of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
• Section 3. Promulgation of Comprehensive Policies by Congress. – Subject to the limitations
provided in the Constitution, the President shall recommend to Congress the promulgation of
policies on public order and safety to protect the citizenry from all forms of lawlessness,
criminality and other threats to peace and order.

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

•Section 4. The Department of the Interior and Local Government. – To carry out the policies and
purposes of this Act, the Department of Local Government is hereby reorganized into the
Department of the Interior and Local Government, hereinafter referred to as the Department, in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.
•Section 5. Powers and Functions of the Department. – In furtherance of the objectives of this Act,
the Department shall continue to exercise the powers and functions of the Department of Local
Government in addition to the powers and functions as herein provided.
•Section 6. Organization. – The Department shall consist of the Department Proper, the existing
bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National Police Commission, the
Philippine Public Safety College, and the following bureaus: the Philippine National Police, the
Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
•Section 7. Department Proper. shall consist of the existing staff services as provided for under
Executive Order No. 262 and the following offices:
(a) Office of the Secretary. – The office of the Secretary shall consist of the Secretary and his immediate
staff;
(b) Office of the Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries. – The Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
Undersecretaries, one (1) for local government and the other for peace and order, at least one (1) of
whom must belong to the career executive service, and three (3) career Assistant Secretaries.
Section 8. Head of Department. - referred to as the Secretary, shall also be the ex-officio Chairman of
the National Police Commission and shall be appointed by the President subject to confirmation of the
Commission on Appointments. No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be
appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from the date of his retirement or resignation.
Section 10. Specific Powers and Functions of the Secretary. – In addition to his powers and functions
as provided in Executive Order No. 262, the Secretary as Department head shall have the following
powers and functions:
(a) Prepare and submit periodic reports, including a Quarterly Anti-Crime Operations Report and such
other reports as the President and Congress may require;
(b) Act as Chairman and Presiding Officer of the National Police Commission; and
(c) Delegate authority to exercise any substantive or administrative function to the members of the
National Police Commission or other officers of rank within the Department.
 THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
• Section 14. Powers and Functions of the Commission. – The Commission shall
exercise the following powers and functions:
• (a) Exercise administrative control over the Philippine National Police.
• (b) Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and
administration.
• (c) Foster and develop policies and promulgate rules and regulations, standards
and procedures to improve police services based on sound professional concepts
and principles.
• (d) Examine and audit, and thereafter establish the standards for such purposes on
a continuing basis, the performance, activities, and facilities of all police agencies
throughout the country.
• (e) Prepare a police manual prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
organization, administration, and operation, including recruitment, selection,
promotion and retirement.
• (f) Establish a system of uniform crime reporting.
(g) Conduct surveys and compile statistical data for the proper evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of all police units
in the country.
(h) Render to the President and to Congress an annual report on its activities and accomplishments during the thirty (30) days
after the end of the calendar year, which shall include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the organization and
administration of police agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the country, and recommendations
for appropriate remedial legislation.
(i) Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training, logistical requirements, communications, records,
information systems, crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime reporting.
(j) Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board, personnel disciplinary actions involving demotion or
dismissal from the service imposed upon members of the Philippine National Police by the Chief of the Philippine National
Police.
(k) Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the regional appellate boards over administrative cases against policemen and over
decisions on claims for police benefits.
(l) Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (60) days before the commencement of each calendar
year, a crime prevention.
(m) Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and, after consultation with the Philippine Heraldry
Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards and medals of honor.
(n) Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to the discharge of its own powers and duties, and
designate who among its personnel can issue such processes and administer oaths in connection therewith; and
(o) Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and as the President may direct.
Section 20. Organizational Structure. – The Commission shall consist of the following units:
(a) Commission Proper. – This is composed of the offices of the Chairman and the four (4) commissioners.
(b) (b) Staff Services. – The staff services of the Commission shall be as follows:
(1) The planning and Research Service, which shall provide technical services to the Commission in
areas of overall policy formulation, strategic and operational planning, management systems or
procedures, evaluation and monitoring of the Commission's programs, projects and internal operations;
and shall conduct thorough research and analysis on social and economic conditions affecting peace and
order in the country;
(2) The Legal Affairs Service, which shall provide the Commission with efficient and effective service
as legal counsel of the Commission; draft or study contracts affecting the Commission and submit
appropriate recommendations pertaining thereto; and render legal opinions arising from the
administration and operation of the Philippine National Police and the Commission;
(3) The Crime Prevention and Coordination Service, which shall undertake criminological researches
and studies; formulate a national crime prevention plan; develop a crime prevention and information
program and provide editorial direction for all criminology research and crime prevention publications;
(4) The Administrative Service, which shall provide the Commission with assistance on budgetary and
financial matters; provide the necessary services relating to records, correspondence, supplies, property
and equipment, security and general services, and the maintenance and utilization of facilities; and
provide services relating to manpower, career planning and development, personnel transactions and
employee welfare;
(5) The Inspection and Monitoring Service, which shall conduct continuous inspection and
management audit of personnel, facilities and operations at all levels of command of the PNP and shall
monitor the implementation of the Commission's programs and projects relative to law enforcement; and
(6) The Installations and Logistics Service, which shall review the Commission's plans and programs
and formulate policies and procedures regarding acquisition, inventory, control, distribution, maintenance
and disposal of supplies and shall oversee the implementation of programs on transportation facilities and
installations and the procurement and maintenance of supplies and equipment.
(c) Disciplinary Appellate Boards. – The Commission shall establish a
formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery consisting of the
National Appellate Board and the regional appellate boards.
• The National Appellate Board shall decide cases on appeal from
decisions rendered by the PNP chief, while the regional appellate
boards shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by officers
other than the PNP chief, the mayor, and the People Law Enforcement
Board (PLEB) created hereunder.
 THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION

Section 23. Composition. – Subject to the limitations provided for in this Act, the
Philippine National Police, hereinafter referred to as the PNP, is hereby established,
initially consisting of the members of the police forces who were integrated into the
Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 765, and the
officers and enlisted personnel of the Philippine Constabulary (PC). For purposes of
this Act, the officers and enlisted personnel of the PC shall include those assigned
with the Narcotics Command (NARCOM) or the Criminal Investigation Service
(CIS); and those of the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC and the
civilian operatives of the CIS. The regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM
Inspection, Investigation and Intelligence Branch may also be absorbed by the PNP.
Section 24. Powers and Functions. – The PNP shall have the following powers and
functions:
(a) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
(b) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
(c) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;
(d) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with
the Constitution and pertinent laws;
(e) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
(f) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;
(g) Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for
the practice of their professions; and
(h) Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by
law.
• In addition, the PNP shall absorb the office of the National Action Committee on
Anti-Hijacking (NACAH) of the Department of National Defense, all the
functions of the present Philippine Air Force Security Command (PAFSECOM),
as well as the police functions of the Coast Guard. In order to perform its powers
and functions efficiently and effectively, the PNP shall be provided with adequate
land, sea, and air capabilities and all necessary material means of resources.
• Section 26. Powers, Functions and term of Office of the PNP Chief . – The
command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in the Chief of the PNP who
shall have the power to direct and control tactical as well as strategic movements,
deployment, placement, utilization of the PNP or any of its units and personnel,
including its equipment, facilities and other resources. Such command and
direction of the Chief of the PNP may be delegated to subordinate officials with
the respect to the units under their respective commands, in accordance with the
rules and regulation prescribed by the Commission. The Chief of the PNP shall
also have the power to issue detailed implementing policies and instructions
regarding personnel, funds, properties, records, correspondence and such other
matters as may be necessary to effectivity carry out the functions, powers and
duties of the Bureau.
• Section 27. Manning Levels. – On the average nationwide, the
manning levels of the PNP shall be approximately in accordance with
a police-to-population ratio of one (1) policeman for every five
hundred (500) persons. The actual strength by cities and
municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and order,
population density and actual demands of the service in the particular
area: Provided, That the minimum police-to-population ratio shall not
be less than one (1) policeman for every one thousand (1,000)
persons:
 Section 28. Rank Classification
OLD RANK NAMES NEW RANK NAMES
Director General
Deputy Director General
Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Senior Police Officer IV
Senior Police Officer III
Senior Police Officer II
Senior Police Officer I
Police Officer III
Police Officer II
Police Officer I