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    Thermo Mat 07a

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    Thermo Mat 07a

    Uploaded by

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    Thermo.mat.07a

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    5 views75 pages

    Thermo Mat 07a

    Uploaded by

    pendidikankeilmuanbemui

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 75

    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL

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    • If the dT
    dP 
    eq
     H
    TV

    is applied to vapor-condensed phase equilibria, the


    ΔV is the molar volume change accompanying the
    evaporation or sublimation, and ΔH is the molar
    latent heat of evaporation or sublimation, depending
    on whether the condensed phase is respectly, the
    liquid or the solid, In either case

    ΔV = Vvapor - Vcondensed phase

    and as Vvapor >> Vcondensed phase , then with of an


    insignificant error

    ΔV = Vvapor
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL
    • Then for condensed phase-vapor eqyilibria , can be
    written as

    dT
    dP 
    eq
     H
    TV(V)
    If it is further assumed that the vapor in equilibrium with the
    condensed phase behaves ideally is PV=RT

    dTdP  eq
     H2
    RT
    Rearrangement of which gives

    dP  H dT
    P RT 2
    This equation is known as Clausius – Clapeyron equation
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL
    • If ΔH is independent of temperature, ie Cp(vapor) = Cp(condensed
    phase) , then integration of the equation give

    H v
    ln P  -  Constant
    RT
    H v
    log P  -  Constant
    2.303 RT
    As equlibrium is maintained between the vapor phase and the
    condensed.
    ΔHT is given as
    ΔHT = ΔCp 298 + ΔCp ( T + 298)
    = [ΔH 298 - 298 ΔCp] + ΔCpT
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL
    In which case integration the equation above gives

     298 Cp - H 298  1 Cp ln T


    ln P      Constant
     R  T R

    Which is normally expressed in the from

    ln P  A  B ln T  C
    B
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL
    IF EQUATION log P 
    H v
    •  Constant
    2.303 RT
    that log P for any liquid metal is plotted against 1/T, the plot should
    be straight line. The slope (m) of the straight line will be given by

    - H v
    m 
    2.303 R
    and the intercept of the line with Y-axis will give the value of
    constant C. From the slope of line, the heat vaporization of liquid
    may be calculated.
    The equation of d(ln P) H
     v
    dT RT 2

    may also integrated between the limits P1 and P2 corresponding to


    temperatures T1 and T2 respectively.
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL
    Assuming that the temperature range is small enough so that
    ΔHV is independent of temperature. The integration will yields
    P2 T2
    H dT

    P1
    d(ln P) 
    R  T2
    T1

    P2 - H v  1 - 1
    or log  T T 
    P1 2.303 R  2 1
    This equation may be used to calculated the vapor pressure at
    any temperature if the vapor pressure at another temperature
    and the mean heat of vaporization over that temperature range
    are known.
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL

    • Trouton’s Rule
    Trouton’s rules state that the ratio of latent heat of evaporation
    to the temperature of normal boiling Tb
    is constant for all liquids, and is approximately 21 cal/deg/mole.
    Ie.

    H  21 cal/deg/mole
    Tb
    The rule is only an approximate one, and it is not followed by all
    liquid metals. However, this rule may be used to derive an
    approximate value for latent heat of evaporation,
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    • Example # 1:
    Tiekanan uap Ti pada Ti cair 2227 oC ( 2500 K) adalah 1.503 mm Hg
    (200N/m2). Kalor penguapan pada titik didih normal Ti adalah 104
    kcal/mol (435.14 kJ/mol. Hitung titik didih dari Ti tersebut.
    Solution
    Kita asumpsikan pada titik didih adalah Tb pada temperatur tesebut,
    tekanan uap sama dengan 1 atm atau 760 mm Hg dengan
    pendekatan :
    P2 T2

     d ln P  - 
    H V dT
    R T2
    P1 T1

    atau log P2
    P1  - H V
    2.303 R
     1
    T2 - T11 
    log 760
    1.503  - 104000
    2.303 x 1.987

    1
    Tb - 1
    2500

    Tb  3558 K atau Tb  3285 C o
    TERMODINAMIKA MATERIAL
    • Example # 2:
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    • Example # 6.
    Berat jenis Pb padat dan cair adalah 10.94 dan 10.10.65 pada temperatur
    cair normal 327 oC. Hitunglah tekanan yang terpakai pada Pb , bila titik
    cairnya dinaikan 20 oC . BA Pb= 207.
    SOLUTION:
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    • Example # 7
    Kapasitas panas molar Fe cair melebihi Fe uap sebasar 10.55 J/K. Panas
    penguapan Fe cair pada 1600 oC adalah 35.8 kJ dan tekanan uap Fe cair
    pada 1600 oC adalah 5.13 x10-5 atm. Hitunglah hubungan temperatur-
    tekanan uap dari Fe cair tersebut.
    SOLUTION:
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