21st Century

GOODMORNING!!
I. OBJECTIVES:
Through a PowerPoint
presentation and learning
activities the student can:
A. Identify the different literary
genres
B. Recognize the elements and
structure of genre
LESSON 2
COMPARE AND
CONTRAST VARIOUS 21ST
CENTURY GENRES
FROM THE EARLIER
GENRES/PERIODS
Literature- reinvents itself as it changes its
form to adapt to the changing times and changing
trends;especially for the young people like you.
The need to express oneself gave birth to literature
and humanity never got contented on their attempt
to express themselves resulting to new genres like:
•hyperpoetry
•mobile textula
•flash fiction
•chick lit
•blogs
Genres with their Elements and
Structures
A. Poetry
- Poetry is one of the earliest genres of literature. It
was either recited or sang back to pre-historic times to
call from deity , narrate a hero’s life and victories , tell
about the love story of their rulers , or describe
someone who inspires them. In order to understand or
even write a good poem , you must know the elements
of poetry:
1.Rhyme- it is the identical rhyme if
the last words or sounds match each
other.
Alliteration: Followed , Flats ,

Front , Brother , back
Assonance:Big , Slipper picked ,
Slimy
2.Meter- it is also called the
rhythm in poetry.It is the
pattern of beats (foot)
(Stressed ands unstressed
syllables ain a line). It is also
called foot.
3.Imagery and Symbolism-
The beauty of poetry is on the
carefully chosen words that rhyme
and the lines and stanzas with
uniform rhythm. Poetry must also
employ figurative language to
creatively express emotions ,
feeling and ideas.
4.Symbols
It is the use of symbols to
convey ideas. A symbol represents
various ideas or things at one time.
Like darkness or color black may
symbolize death , uncertainty ,
failure , or an end. A white rose may
mean purity , freshness , new
beginning , or death.
To identify a poem’s structure is to count the
lines of every stanza:
•COUPLET-2lines
•TERCET-3lines
•QUATRAIN-4lines
•CINQUAIN-5lines
•SESTET-6lines
•SEPTET-7lines
•OCTAVE-8lines
B.Fiction
Fiction is stories of make-believe.It is a
story made by the author’s creative
imagination. It has various sub-genres like
mystery , fantasy , suspense , historical ,
fiction science fiction , realistic fiction and
folklore(myths , fables , legends) Elements of
fictio:Plot , characters , theme setting, point –
of-view, literary devices.
C. Non-Fiction
Nonfiction is a literary genre that tells
about stories that actually happen in real life.
The sub-genres of literary nonfiction are
biography , memoir , authobiography , journals
, diaries , periodicals and references. These
works of literary nonfiction have character,
setting , plot , conflict , figurative language ,
and the theme just like literary fiction, fiction
and thriller or suspense.
D.Drama
A script may only come to existence once it
is performed before an audience.Sub-genres are
comedy or tragedy. Its basic elements include
the literary element(script), technical element
(scenery set), make-up,costumes, lights , and
sound) performance element(acting, character,
analysis, character motivation)
HERE ARE THE COMMONLY
USED LITERARY DEVICES IN
POETRY:
•METAPHOR
Direct comparison of two unlike
things.
Ex. He is a strong lion.

•SIMILE
Two unlike things
compared to each other
using “like” or “as”.
Ex. He is a strong like a
lion .
•ONOMATOPOEIA
Words that imitate
a sound
Ex. The gushing of wind

and gnashing of teeth
•ALLITERATION
The repetition of the same
initial sound of the words.
Ex. Be brave , be boundless

Beauty is a bouquet of blue
baby’s breath
•REPETITION
A word, phrase, or a sentence
repeated to emphasize its
importance in the entire text.
Ex.Not yet Rizal,

Not yet….
• Synecdoche
A part is made to represent
the whole or vice- versa
Ex. Hundred heads of cattle

bought at a good price.
•PERSONIFICATION
Giving human attributes to
an object or animal
Ex. The wind spoke of hope

and redemption.
•HYPERBOLE
It exaggerates the
meaning of a sentence.
Ex. I am so thirsty that I

could drink an ocean.
THE NEW
GENRES OF
LITERARTU
RE
1. Hyperpoetry- It is
poetry uploaded in the
internet. Its medium is
the computer screen.
2. Mobile Textula- It is a short
poetry in a form of tanaga , that is
sent through SMS on mobile
phone. It consists of 4 lines with
7 syllables using(/) to end a line
and (//) to end the stanza
3.Flash Fiction- It is telling a story
in a few words , usually about 100-
1000 words or less. A flash fiction
can be as short as Earnest
Hemingway’s 6-word memoir , ‘ For
sale: baby’s shoes;never worn.”
4.Chick Lit – It is a heroine –
centered fiction narrative;usually focus
on the trials of the protagonist. Below is
an excerpt of a chick lit taken from
wattpad. One needs to download the
wattpad app and the story to experience
reading chick lit.
5. Blog-A regularly
updated web page or
website that is written in
conversational style.

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GOODMORNING!!

Alliteration: Followed , Flats ,

Ex. He is a strong lion.

Ex. The gushing of wind

Ex. Be brave , be boundless

Ex.Not yet Rizal,

Ex. Hundred heads of cattle

Ex. The wind spoke of hope

Ex. I am so thirsty that I

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